The Pancreas

and Claus Schäfer 20 Acute Pancreatitis Associated with Congenital Anomalies Charlotte S. Austin, Christopher R. Schlieve, Andrew L. Warshaw, and Tracy C. Grikscheit 21 Acute Pancreatitis in Children Mark E. Lowe and Véronique D. Morinville 22 Acute Pancreatitis Associated with Metabolic, Infections, and Drug-Related Diseases Ali A. Aghdassi, Mats L. Wiese, Quang Trung Tran, and Markus M. Lerch 23 Radiologic Diagnosis and Staging of Severe Acute Pancreatitis Yoshihisa Tsuji 24 Conservative Therapy of Acute Pancreatitis: Volume Substitution and Enteral and Parenteral Nutrition Steven M. Hadley and Timothy B. Gardner 25 ICU Treatment of Severe Acute Pancreatitis Scott R. Gunn and David C. Whitcomb 26 Clinical Course and Medical Treatment of Acute Pancreatitis--Use of Antibiotics in Severe Acute Pancreatitis: Indications and Limitations Rainer Isenmann and Mathias Wittau 27 Indications for Interventional and Surgical Treatment of Necrotizing Pancreatitis Lily V. Saadat and Thomas E. Clancy 28 Management of Infected Necrosis: Step-Up Approach Hester C. Timmerhuis, Marc G. Besselink, and Hjalmar C. van Santvoort 29 Management of Infected Pancreatic Necroses: An Endoscopic Approach Todd Huntley Baron 30 Minimally Invasive Debridement and Lavage of Necrotizing Pancreatitis Kulbir Mann and Michael G.T. Raraty 31 Open Surgical Debridement of Necrotizing Pancreatitis: Late Postoperative Morbidity and Outcome Dongya Huang, Zipeng Lu, and Yi Miao 32 Endoscopic Treatment of Biliary Acute Pancreatitis Ichiro Yasuda, Tsuyoshi Mukai, and Toru Ito 33 Strategies for the Treatment of Pancreatic Pseudocysts and Walled-Off Necrosis After Acute Pancreatitis: Interventional Endoscopic Approaches Georg Beyer and Julia Mayerle 34 Pseudocysts and Walled-Off Necrosis After Acute Pancreatitis: Surgical Approach Naohiro Sata, Masaru Koizumi, and Alan Kawarai Lefor 35 Management of Fluid Collection in Acute Pancreatitis Georg Beyer, Simon Sirtl, Christoph Ammer-Herrmenau, and Albrecht Neesse 36 Management of Pancreatic Fistula in Acute Pancreatitis Marta Sandini, Thilo Hackert, and Markus W. Büchler 37 Long-Term Outcome After Treatment of Acute Pancreatitis Christin Tjaden and Thilo Hackert Section 4 Chronic Pancreatitis 38 Definition and Classification of Chronic Pancreatitis David C. Whitcomb 39 Molecular Understanding of Chronic Pancreatitis Bomi Lee, Monique T. Barakat, and Sohail Z. Husain 40 Natural History of Recurrent Acute and Chronic Pancreatitis Rohit Das, Jorge D. Machicado, and Dhiraj Yadav 41 Pediatric Recurrent Acute and Chronic Pancreatitis: Role of Pancreas Divisum Jiri Snajdauf, Michal Rygl, Barbora Kucerova, and Natalia Petrasova 42 Clinical and Laboratory Diagnosis of Chronic Pancreatitis Georg Beyer, Markus M. Lerch, and Julia Mayerle 43 Abdominal Imaging for the Diagnosis of Chronic Pancreatitis Atsushi Irisawa and Akira Yamamiya 44 Endoscopic Ultrasound for Diagnosis of Chronic Pancreatitis Versus Pancreatic Cancer J. Enrique Domínguez-Muñoz, Julio Iglesias-García, José Lariño-Noia, and Daniel de la Iglesia-García 45 Hereditary Pancreatitis and Complex Genetic Causes Celeste Shelton Ohlsen and David C. Whitcomb 46 Epidemiology and Pathophysiology of Tropical Chronic Pancreatitis Shailesh V. Shrikhande and Savio G. Barreto 47 CFTR-Associated Pancreatic Disease Chee Y. Ooi and Aliye Uc 48 Alcohol and Smoking in Chronic Pancreatitis Atsushi Masamune, Kazuhiro Kikuta, and Kiyoshi Kume 49 Idiopathic and Rare Causes of Chronic Pancreatitis Morihisa Hirota and Tooru Shimosegawa 50 Early Chronic Pancreatitis Kazuhiro Kikuta and Atsushi Masamune 51 Chronic Pancreatitis with Inflammatory Mass in the Pancreatic Head Ulrich F. Wellner, Kim C. Honselmann, and Tobias Keck 52 Structural Complications: Strictures, Stones, Pseudocysts, and Vascular Complications Xiaodong Tian, Xiaochao Guo, and Yinmo Yang 53 Nutritional Evaluation and Support: An Overview Sinead N. Duggan and Stephen J. O'Keefe 54 Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency Chris E. Forsmark 55 Bone Disease in Chronic Pancreatitis Sinead N. Duggan 56 Diabetes from Exocrine Pancreatic Disease Nao Fujimori, Tetsuhide Ito, and Yoshihiro Ogawa 57 Oxidative Stress and Antioxidants in Chronic Pancreatitis Soumya Jagannath Mahapatra and Pramod Kumar Garg 58 Pain Mechanisms in Chronic Pancreatitis Pierluigi Di Sebastiano, Fabio Francesco di Mola, Tommaso Grottola, and Rossana Percario 59 Pain Management in Chronic Pancreatitis Louise Kuhlmann, Søren S. Olesen, and Asbjørn M. Drewes 60 Adjunctive Therapy in Chronic Pancreatitis Anna Evans Phillips 61 Pancreatic Cancer Risks in Chronic Pancreatitis Patrick Maisonneuve and Albert B. Lowenfels 62 Evidence of Endoscopic and Interventional Treatment of Chronic Pancreatitis and Pseudocysts Jörg Schirra, Simon Sirtl, Markus M. Lerch, and Julia Mayerle 63 Major Pancreatic Resection for Chronic Pancreatitis: Indication, Goals, and Limitations Faik G. Uzunoglu and Jakob R. Izbicki 64 Pancreatic Drainage Procedures: Techniques and Results Ulrich F. Wellner, Dirk Bausch, and Tobias Keck 65 Duodenum-Preserving Pancreatic Head Resections for Chronic Pancreatitis: Techniques and Results Hans G. Beger, Bertram Poch, Yang Yinmo, and Waldemar Uhl 66 Total Pancreatectomy with Islet Autotransplantation Greg Beilman, Zachary Bergman, and Melana Bellin 67 Minimally Invasive Surgical Management of Chronic Pancreatitis Gilbert Z. Murimwa1, Matthew R. Porembka1, and Herbert J. Zeh III Section 5 Autoimmune Pancreatitis 68 Epidemiology of Autoimmune Pancreatitis Terumi Kamisawa 69 Molecular Immunology and Pathogenesis of Autoimmune Pancreatitis Yoh Zen 70 Clinical Manifestation of Type 1 Autoimmune Pancreatitis Tooru Shimosegawa 71 Clinical Manifestation of Type 2 Autoimmune Pancreatitis Nicolò de Pretis and Luca Frulloni 72 Clinical Diagnostic Criteria for Autoimmune Pancreatitis Tooru Shimosegawa 73 Laboratory Diagnosis of Autoimmune Pancreatitis J.-Matthias Löhr and Miroslav Vujasinovic 74 What Is the Evidence Measuring Immune Markers Shigeyuki Kawa, Takayuki Watanabe, and Norihiro Ashihara 75 Autoimmune Pancreatitis and IgG4-Related Disease Kazuichi Okazaki, Tsukasa Ikeura, and Kazushige Uchida 76 Imaging Diagnosis of Autoimmune Pancreatitis Kazuichi Okazaki, Makoto Takaoka, Tsukasa Ikeura, and Kazushige Uchida 77 Medical Management of Autoimmune Pancreatitis Shounak Majumder and Suresh T. Chari 78 Management of Intractable Autoimmune Pancreatitis Shounak Majumder and Suresh T. Chari 79 Long-Term Outcome After Treatment of Autoimmune Pancreatitis Luca Frulloni and Nicolò de Pretis Section 6 Neoplastic Tumors of the Exocrine Tissue: Benign Cystic Neoplasms of the Pancreas 80 Epidemiology of Cystic Neoplasms of the Pancreas Shounak Majumder and Suresh T. Chari 81 Histologic Classification and Staging of Cystic Neoplasm Noriyoshi Fukushima and Giuseppe Zamboni 82 Molecular Mechanisms of Cystic Neoplasia Nickolas Papadopoulos and Ralph H. Hruban 83 Clinical Presentation of Pancreatic Cystic Neoplasms Masao Tanaka 84 Evaluation of Cystic Lesions Using EUS, MRI, and CT Anne Marie Lennon and Atif Zaheer 85 Cytologic Evaluation of Cystic Neoplasm: The Role of Liquid Biopsy Abdulwahab Ewaz and Michelle D. Reid 86 Natural History of Cystic Neoplasm: IPMN, MCN, SCN, and SPN Rosa Klotz, Thilo Hackert, and Markus W. Büchler 87 Surveillance or Surgical Treatment in Asymptomatic Cystic Neoplasm Klaus Sahora and Carlos Fernández-del Castillo 88 Artificial Intelligence in the Detection and Surveillance of Cystic Neoplasms Linda C. Chu and Elliot K Fishman 89 Oncologic Resection of IPMN and MCN: Open Approach--Results Marco Del Chiaro, Michael J. Kirsch, and Richard D. Schulick 90 Surgical Treatment of Cystic Neoplasms: Laparoscopic and Robotic Approach--Results Benedict Kinny-Köster, Christopher L. Wolfgang, Markus W. Büchler, and Thilo Hackert 91 Robotic-Assisted Resection of Cystic Neoplasms Kimberly Kopecky and Jin He 92 Duodenum-Preserving Pancreatic Head Resection for Cystic Neoplasms of the Pancreatic Head: Indication and Limitations Hans G. Beger and Bertram Poch 93 Pancreatic Middle Segment Resection of Cystic Neoplasms: Indications and Limitations Calogero Iacono and Mario De Bellis 94 Tumor Enucleation for Cystic Neoplasms of the Pancreas: Indications and Limitations Rachel C. Kim, C. Max Schmidt, and Henry A. Pitt 95 Duodenum-Preserving Pancreatic Head Resection and Local Extirpation of SPTP in Children and Adolescents: Indication and Long-Term Results Jiri Snajdauf, Michal Rygl, Barbora Kucerova, and Natalia Petrasova 96 Management of Recurrence of Cystic Neoplasms Anna Nießen, Christopher L. Wolfgang, Thilo Hackert, and Markus W. Büchler 97 Long-Term Outcome After Observation and Surgical Treatment of Cystic Neoplasm: What Is the Evidence? Roberto Salvia, Giovanni Marchegiani, Giampaolo Perri, and Claudio Bassi Section 7 Neoplastic Tumors of the Endocrine Pancreas: Neuroendocrine Tumors of the Pancreas 98 Epidemiology and Classification of Neuroendocrine Tumors of the Pancreas J.J. Mukherjee, Kok O. Lee, and Gregory Kaltsas 99 Pathology of Neuroendocrine Neoplasms Atsuko Kasajima and Hironobu Sasano 100 Molecular Genetics of Neuroendocrine Tumors Nickolas Papadopoulos and Ralph H. Hruban 101 What Is the Origin of Pancreatic Endocrine Tumors? Aurel Perren, Iacovos P. Michael, and Ilaria Marinoni 102 Clinical Manifestation of Endocrine Tumors of the Pancreas Tetsuhide Ito, Keijiro Ueda, Nao Fujimori, and Robert T. Jensen 103 Evidence of Hormonal, Laboratory, Biochemical, and Instrumental Diagnostics of Neuroendocrine Tumors of the Pancreas Kok O. Lee, Gregory Kaltsas, and J.J. Mukherjee 104 Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors in Multiple Neoplasia Syndromes Anja Rinke and Thomas Matthias Gress 105 Non-Functioning Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Neoplasm: Diagnosis and Management Principles Takao Ohtsuka, Yuto Hozaka, and Hiroshi Kurahara 106 Medical and Nucleotide Treatment of Neuroendocrine Tumors of the Pancreas Marina Tsoli and Gregory Kaltsas 107 Interventional Radiology in the Treatment of Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors Tetsuya Idichi, Hiroshi Kurahara, and Takao Ohtsuka 108 Enucleation of Benign, Neuroendocrine Tumors of the Pancreas Frank Weber, Andreas Machens, and Henning Dralle 109 Duodenum-Preserving Pancreatic Head Resection or Local Extirpation of Neuroendocrine Tumors of the Pancreas Larger than 2 cm Takashi Hatori 110 Individualized Surgery for Nonfunctional Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors (NF-pNET) Charles de Ponthaud, Julien De Martino, and Sébastien Gaujoux 111 Surgical Treatment of Endocrine Tumors: Major Oncologic Resection Frank Weber, Andreas Machens, and Henning Dralle 112 The Management of Insulinoma Keijiro Ueda, Nao Fujimori, Robert T. Jensen, and Tetsuhide Ito 113 Evidence of Medical and Surgical Treatment of Gastrinoma Ryuichiro Doi 114 Rare Neuroendocrine Tumors of Pancreas: Management and Evidence of Surgical Treatment Ryuichiro Doi 115 Treatment of Neuroendocrine Neoplasia of the Pancreas and Biliary Tract Andrea Frilling, Ashley K. Clift, and Vito Cicinnati 116 Survival After Treatment of Endocrine Tumors Zhe Cao and Taiping Zhang Section 8 Neoplastic Tumors of Exocrine Tissue: Pancreatic Cancer 117 Epidemiology of Pancreatic Cancer Evelina Mocci and Alison P. Klein 118 Smoking, a Risk for Pancreatic Cancer: Experimental and Clinical Data Uwe A. Wittel, Bradley R. Hal, and Surinder K. Batra 119 Molecular Understanding of Development of Ductal Pancreatic Cancer Jae W. Lee, Ralph H. Hruban, and Laura D. Wood 120 From Tissue Turnover to the Cell of Origin of Pancreatic Cancer Bo Kong, Eva Thoma, and Christoph W. Michalski 121 Microbiome of Pancreatic Cancer: Involvement in Cancer Development and Chemo-/Immunotherapy Xianjun Yu 122 Molecular Subtypes and Clinical Applications Maarten F. Bijlsma and Peter Bailey 123 Tumor Microenvironment: Immune Cells and Immunosuppressive Functions of Carcinoma-Associated Fibroblasts and Macrophages Tony Pang, Zhihong Xu, Chamini Perera, and Minoti V. Apte 124 Familial Pancreatic Cancer Alison P. Klein 125 Pathology of Exocrine Pancreatic Tumors Meredith E. Pittman and Ralph H. Hruban 126 Pancreatic Cancer: Precancerous Lesions Michael J. Pflüger, Michaël Noë, and Lodewijk A.A. Brosens 127 Clinical History and Risk Factors of Pancreatic Cancer Norbert Huser, Volker Aßfalg, and Helmut Friess 128 The Role of Endoscopic Ultrasonography in the Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis of Neoplastic Lesions Yoshiki Hirooka, Senju Hashimoto, and Eizaburo Ohno 129 Radiologic Diagnosis of Pancreatic Cancer: CT, MRI Hannah S. Recht and Elliot K. Fishman 130 Screening of Hereditary Pancreatic Cancer Michael Goggins 131 The Role of PET in Diagnosis of Pancreatic Cancer and Cancer Recurrence Norbert Huser, Volker Aßfalg, Isabel Rauscher, and Helmut Friess 132 Tumor Markers in Pancreatic Malignancies Shin Hamada and Atsushi Masamune 133 The Role of Laparoscopy and Peritoneal Cytology in the Management of Pancreatic Cancer Yosuke Kasai, Kyoichi Takaori, and Etsuro Hatano 134 Clinical Assessment and Staging of Advanced Pancreatic Cancer James M. Lindberg, Giles F. Whalen, and Jennifer LaFemina 135 Pancreatic Cancer: Indications for Resection Akimasa Nakao and Suguru Yamada 136 Pancreatoduodenectomy for Pancreatic Cancer, Short and Long-Term Outcome After Kausch-Whipple and Pylorus-Preserving Pancreatoduodenectomy Benedict Kinny-Köster, John L. Cameron, and Jin He 137 Left Pancreatectomy for Body and Tail Cancer Jony van Hilst, Mohammad Abu Hilal, and Marc Besselink 138 Total Pancreatectomy: Indication and Limitations Seiko Hirono and Hiroki Yamaue 139 Minimally Invasive Resection for Pancreatic Cancer Patricio M. Polanco, Imad Radi, and Herbert J. Zeh 140 Robotic Resection for Pancreatic Cancer Renyi Qin 141 Extended Radical Surgery for Pancreatic Cancer Thilo Hackert, Anna Nießen, and Markus W. Büchler 142 Palliative Pancreatic Resection: Is it Justified? Kira C. Steinkraus, Max Heckler, Christoph W. Michalski, and Felix J. Hüttner 143 Outcome of Patients after R0 Resection for Locally Advanced Pancreatic Cancer - Combined with Hepatic Metastasectomy: Indication and Limitations Tingbo Liang 144 Bypass Surgery for Advanced Pancreatic Cancer Eva Thoma, Thilo Hackert, Christoph W. Michalski, and Felix J. Hüttner 145 Endoscopic and Interventional Palliation of Pancreatic Cancer Kazumasa Nagai and Takao Itoi 146 Neoadjuvant Treatment of Pancreatic Cancer: Evidence for Treatment Effect Robert A. Wolff 147 Locally Advanced Pancreatic Cancer: Does the Addition of Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Lead to a Significant Survival Improvement after R0 Resection? Marco Del Chiaro, Michael J. Kirsch, and Richard D. Schulick 148 Adjuvant Chemotherapy in Pancreatic Cancer: First-Line and Second-Line Treatment--Benefits of Survival Kulbir Mann, Robert P. Jones, Paula Ghaneh, and John P. Neoptolemos 149 Role of Radiation Therapy for Pancreatic Cancer Baho U. Sidiqi, Abhinav V. Reddy, Joseph M. Herman, and Amol K. Narang 150 Immunotherapy for Pancreatic Cancer: Check-Point Blockade and Vaccine Therapy Arsen Osipov, Adrian G. Murphy, and Lei Zheng 151 Targeted Therapies for Pancreatic Cancer Anirban Maitra 152 Precision Cancer Medicine Grace Oh, Surajit Dhara, and Diane Simeone 153 Palliative Chemotherapy for Advanced Pancreatic Cancer: Treatment Modalities, Side Effects, and Benefits of Survival Christoph Springfeld and Thomas Seufferlein 154 Management of Pain in Pancreatic Cancer Annie W. Hsu, Ayodeji Omosule, and Michael Erdek 155 Management of Cancer Recurrence Oliver Strobel, Martin Loos, and Markus W. Büchler 156 Survival and Late Morbidity after Resection of Pancreatic Cancer Avinoam Nevler and Charles J. Yeo Section 9 Periampullary Cancers and Tumors Other Than Pancreatic Cancer 157 Periampullary Tumors: Clinical Presentation and Diagnostic Strategies Jon M. Harrison and Keith D. Lillemoe 158 Histology and Genetics of Cancer of the Papilla, Distal Common Bile Duct, and Duodenum Yue Xue, Michelle D. Reid, and Volkan Adsay 159 Adenoma and Adenocarcinoma of the Ampulla of Vater: Diagnosis and Management Sahin Coban, Omer Basar, and William R. Brugge 160 Endoscopic Treatment of Adenomas of the Ampulla of Vater: Techniques, Results, Benefits, and Limitations Natsuyo Yamamoto and Hiroyuki Isayama 161 Surgical Treatment of Papillary and Ampullary Tumors: Management and Long-Term Results Norbert Hüser, Volker Aßfalg, and Helmut Friess 162 Surgical Treatment of Duodenal Cancer Fuyuhiko Motoi 163 Surgical Treatment of Distal Cholangiocarcinoma Shunsuke Onoe, Yukihiro Yokoyama, and Tomoki Ebata 164 Adjuvant and Palliative Chemotherapy of Periampullary Cancers Arachchige D.N.R. Ponweera, Paula Ghaneh, and John P. Neoptolemos 165 Long-Term Survival after Resection of Periampullary Cancer Hideyuki Yoshitomi, Masayuki Ohtsuka, and Masaru Miyazaki Section 10 Transplantation of the Pancreas 166 Transplantation of Pancreatic Islets Joseph Sushil Rao, Melena D. Bellin, and Bernhard J. Hering 167 Transplantation of the Pancreas Rainer W.G. Gruessner and Angelika C. Gruessner