The Soft Budget Constraint - The Emergence, Persistence and Logic of an Institution
(Sprache: Englisch)
This is a story of the soft budget constraint. It seeks an answer to a paradox: the prevalence of the soft budget constraint in spite of the tremendous inefficiencies that it gives rise to, and its persistence in spite of reform of the system of which it is...
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This is a story of the soft budget constraint. It seeks an answer to a paradox: the prevalence of the soft budget constraint in spite of the tremendous inefficiencies that it gives rise to, and its persistence in spite of reform of the system of which it is an integral part. The story aims at increasing our understanding of why the phenomenon exists. By studying the case of state in Tanzania before, during and after socialism, an explanation of the owned enterprises emergence, persistence and logic of the soft budget constraint is suggested. This introductory chapter presents an argument showing why this story is worth telling. It discusses the research topic and how the problem it presents is attacked. THE SOFT BUDGET CONSTRAINT The soft budget constraint is today a popular metaphor. Originally it was seen as a characteristic of the socialist system. It refers to the tendency of primarily state-owned enterprises to have their liquidity gaps or losses accommodated by the state, or some other external funding body, and to the resulting expectations of such bail-out. The concept was coined by the Hungarian economist Hmos Kornai. ' He distinguishes between four major forms of external financial assistance that contribute to the soft budget constraint: soft subsidies, soft taxation, soft credit and soft 2 administrative pricing.
The soft budget constraint - today a popular metaphor - is a paradox. In socialist economies, it implies that the state tends to bail out state-owned firms in financial trouble, in spite of the tremendous performance problems of the entire system that result. When the socialist system broke down, the soft budget constraint was expected to disappear. However, it seems to persist, and its persistence appears to hamper the transition process itself.
The Soft Budget Constraint The Emergence, Persistence and Logic of an Institution seeks an answer to this paradox. It aims at increasing our understanding of why the soft budget constraint exists. By investigating state-owned enterprises in Tanzania before, during and after socialism, the prevalence of the soft budget constraint is examined and an explanation of its existence is suggested. The approach is institutional. The soft budget constraint is defined as an informal institution and an invisible-hand explanation of its emergence, persistence and logic is applied.
The book shows that the soft budget constraint emerged as an unintended consequence of the establishment of the Tanzania socialist system in the 1970s. A behavioral solution to recurrent systemic problems was offered, and thus the soft budget constraint performed several functions. Once established, its very existence set off a cumulative process of self-generation. Four reinforcement mechanisms that accounted for its maintenance during Tanzanian socialism are identified. Its character as an informal rule helps to explain why it persisted during market-oriented reform, initiated in the mid-1980s. The soft budget constraint was part of the socialist heritage, was adapted to systemic change, and influenced the direction and character of this change.raint is examined and an explanation of its existence is suggested. The approach is institutional. The soft budget constraint is defined as an informal institution and an invisible-hand explanation of its emergence, persistence and
The Soft Budget Constraint The Emergence, Persistence and Logic of an Institution seeks an answer to this paradox. It aims at increasing our understanding of why the soft budget constraint exists. By investigating state-owned enterprises in Tanzania before, during and after socialism, the prevalence of the soft budget constraint is examined and an explanation of its existence is suggested. The approach is institutional. The soft budget constraint is defined as an informal institution and an invisible-hand explanation of its emergence, persistence and logic is applied.
The book shows that the soft budget constraint emerged as an unintended consequence of the establishment of the Tanzania socialist system in the 1970s. A behavioral solution to recurrent systemic problems was offered, and thus the soft budget constraint performed several functions. Once established, its very existence set off a cumulative process of self-generation. Four reinforcement mechanisms that accounted for its maintenance during Tanzanian socialism are identified. Its character as an informal rule helps to explain why it persisted during market-oriented reform, initiated in the mid-1980s. The soft budget constraint was part of the socialist heritage, was adapted to systemic change, and influenced the direction and character of this change.raint is examined and an explanation of its existence is suggested. The approach is institutional. The soft budget constraint is defined as an informal institution and an invisible-hand explanation of its emergence, persistence and
Inhaltsverzeichnis zu „The Soft Budget Constraint - The Emergence, Persistence and Logic of an Institution “
I. IntroductionII. An Institutional Approach to the Soft Budget Constraint
III. Emergence During the Establishment of Socialism
IV. Maintenance and Reinforcement During the Crisis
V. Persistence and Change During Institutional Reform
VI. Conclusions
- Epilogue: Tanzanian Developments Since 1992. Appendix
- References
- Index
Bibliographische Angaben
- Autor: Gun Eriksson Skoog
- 2000, 424 Seiten, Maße: 16 x 24,1 cm, Gebunden, Englisch
- Verlag: Springer US
- ISBN-10: 0792379101
- ISBN-13: 9780792379102
- Erscheinungsdatum: 30.11.2000
Sprache:
Englisch
Rezension zu „The Soft Budget Constraint - The Emergence, Persistence and Logic of an Institution “
`In the fast-growing literature on this phenomenon The Soft Budget Constraint: The Emergence, Persistence and Logic of an Institution by G.E. Skoog opens a new path: this is the first book applying the study of the concept to a developing country. It provides in a lucid style rich empirical material and convincing analysis of the causes and consequences of the soft budget constraint syndrome in Tanzania. Her insights will probably be applicable in many other countries as well.' János Kornai, Harvard University, USA and Collegium, Budapest, Hungary
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