Transparent Ceramics

Foreword xiii
 
Acknowledgments xv
 
General Abbreviations xvii
 
1 Introduction 1
 
1.1 Importance of Transparent Ceramics: The Book's Rationale Topic and Aims 1
 
1.2 Factors Determining the Overall Worth of Transparent Ceramics 2
 
1.2.1 Technical Characteristics 2
 
1.2.2 Fabrication and Characterization Costs 3
 
1.2.3 Overview of Worth 3
 
1.3 Spectral Domain for Ceramics High Transmission Targeted in This Book 3
 
1.3.1 High Transmission Spectral Domain 3
 
1.3.2 Electromagnetic Radiation/Solid Interaction in the Vicinity of the Transparency Domain 4
 
1.4 Definition of Transparency Levels 4
 
1.5 Evolution of Transmissive Ability Along the Ceramics Development History 6
 
1.5.1 Ceramics with Transparency Conferred by Glassy Phases 6
 
1.5.2 The First Fully Crystalline Transparent Ceramic 7
 
1.5.3 A Brief Progress History of All-Crystalline Transparent Ceramics 8
 
2 Electromagnetic Radiation: Interaction with Matter 11
 
2.1 Electromagnetic Radiation: Phenomenology and Characterizing Parameters 11
 
2.2 Interference and Polarization 13
 
2.3 Main Processes which Disturb Electromagnetic Radiation After Incidence on a Solid 13
 
2.3.1 Refraction 14
 
2.3.2 Reflection 17
 
2.3.3 Birefringence 20
 
2.3.4 Scattering 22
 
2.3.4.1 Scattering by Pores 22
 
2.3.4.2 Scattering Owed to Birefringence 24
 
2.3.5 Absorption 27
 
2.3.5.1 Transition Metal and Rare-Earth Cations in Transparent Ceramic Hosts 27
 
2.3.5.2 Absorption Spectra of Metal and Rare-Earth Cations Located in TC Hosts 28
 
2.3.5.2.1 Transition Metal and Rare-Earth Cations' Electronic Spectra: Theoretical Basis 29
 
2.3.5.2.1.1 Electronic States of a Cation in Free Space 29
 
2.3.5.2.2 Absorption Spectra of Transition Metal and Rare-Earth Cations: Examples 50
 
2.3.5.2.2.1 The

ADRIAN GOLDSTEIN, PHD, has led the Israel Ceramics Institute for twenty years, also teaching electronic ceramics, for a few years in the Materials Engineering Department of the Technion. He has authored one book and published over 35 refereed papers in leading journals.
 
ANDREAS KRELL, PHD, has served as the Journal Associated Editor at the American Ceramic Society. He was Head of Department at Fraunhofer Institute for Ceramic Technologies and Systems IKTS, and he chaired the first European Transparent Ceramics Symposium.
 
ZEEV BURSHTEIN, PHD, is a part-time Scientific Consultant at the Soreq Nuclear Research Center, where he also teaches in the Materials Engineering department. He served as chief advisor of the Israeli Minister of Science and Technology from 1990 -1991.