Virtual Reconstruction
A Primer in Computer-Assisted Paleontology and Biomedicine
(Sprache: Englisch)
Virtual Reconstruction serves as an introduction to the principles of three-dimensional visualization techniques as they relate to fossil reconstruction and reverse engineering. It covers data acquisition, processing, virtual reconstruction, visualization,...
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Klappentext zu „Virtual Reconstruction “
Virtual Reconstruction serves as an introduction to the principles of three-dimensional visualization techniques as they relate to fossil reconstruction and reverse engineering. It covers data acquisition, processing, virtual reconstruction, visualization, manipulation, reverse engineering, and applications to biomedicine. An adjunct Web site provides access to software, as well as sample data sets and relevant Internet links.
Virtual Reconstruction serves as an introduction to the principles of three-dimensional visualization techniques as they relate to fossil reconstruction and reverse engineering. It covers data acquisition, processing, virtual reconstruction, visualization, manipulation, reverse engineering, and applications to biomedicine. An adjunct Web site provides access to software, as well as sample data sets and relevant Internet links.
Inhaltsverzeichnis zu „Virtual Reconstruction “
Preface xiiiAcknowledgments xv
Introduction 1
1 Virtual Reconstruction 7
1.1 A Virtual Reality Contest 7
1.2 Virtual Reconstruction 10
1.3 Computer-Assisted Paleontology 12
1.3.1 Data Acquisition 12
1.3.2 Data Segmentation and Three-Dimensional Reconstruction 14
1.3.3 Virtual Fossil Reconstruction 14
1.3.4 From Virtual Reality to Real Virtuality 15
1.3.5 Databases and Morphometry 15
1.3.6 Virtual Reconstruction in Space and Time 16
1.4 Computer-Assisted Surgery 17
1.5 Further Reading 19
2 Data Representation 21
2.1 World Food on a Chessboard 21
2.2 Facts About Data to Get Data About Facts 22
2.2.1 Analog and Digital Data 22
2.2.2 Bits, Bytes, and Words 23
2.2.3 Characters, Numbers, Pixels, and Voxels 29
2.2.4 Representing Gray Tones and Colors 32
2.2.5 Data Compression 40
2.2.6 Some Common Image File Formats 41
2.2.7 Implicit Versus Explicit Representation of Object Data 44
2.2.8 Modeling Three-Dimensional Objects 48
2.3 A Taxonomy of Biomedical Data 50
2.3.1 Perspectives on Data 50
2.3.2 Volume Data 50
2.3.3 Surface Data 52
2.3.4 Landmark Data 53
2.3.5 Extent-Based Data 54
2.3.6 Relational Data 55
2.4 Further Reading 56
3 Data Acquisition 57
3.1 Data and the Physical World 57
3.2 Vision and Photography as Data Acquisition: Performance Considerations 59
3.3 Computed Tomography 64
3.3.1 Frau Röntgen's Wedding Ring 64
3.3.2 Radiographic Projections 67
3.3.3 Reconstructing CT Images 72
3.3.4 CT Scanning: Technical Considerations 74
3.3.5 Limitations of CT Data Acquisition 77
3.3.6 Slice-to-Slice, Helical, and Multislice CT 80
3.3.7 Industrial and Micro Computed Tomography 82
3.3.8 Three-Dimensional Data Acquisition with a Medical Scanner 84
3.4 Magnetic Resonance Imaging 85
3.5 Surface Scanners 91
3.6 3D Digitizers 93
3.7 Further Reading 94
4 Image Data Processing 97
4.1 Recovering Objects from Images 97
4.2
... mehr
Converting a CT Image into a Screen Image 100
4.3 Filtering Images 102
4.3.1 Coffee and Kernels 102
4.3.2 Convolution and Fourier Analysis 106
4.3.3 Statistical Filters 107
4.3.4 Edge Detection Filters 108
4.4 Extracting Isosurfaces 113
4.4.1 Determining Boundaries in CT Images 113
4.4.2 From Edges to Isocontours and Isosurfaces 119
4.5 Interactive Segmentation 121
4.6 Further Reading 126
5 Visualization and Interaction 129
5.1 Visualizing Data in Two and More Dimensions 129
5.2 Interaction with Virtual Worlds 131
5.3 The Graphics Rendering Pipeline 132
5.4 Setting Up a Virtual Environment 132
5.4.1 Object Materials, Lighting, and Shading 133
5.4.2 Setting Up the Camera 139
5.4.3 Object Manipulation and Interaction 143
5.5 Volume Rendering 151
5.6 Further Reading 154
6 Virtual Fossil Reconstruction 155
6.1 A Baroque Puzzle 155
6.2 Principles of Reconstruction 157
6.3 Physical and Virtual Reconstruction 159
6.4 Preparing and Restoring Fossils on the Computer Screen 160
6.5 Reconstructing Fossil Morphologies 164
6.5.1 Recovering Implicit Anatomic Information 164
6.5.2 Combining Computer Graphics and Anatomy: The Globe Paradigm 166
6.5.3 Inferring Missing Information 175
6.5.4 Interpolation and Extrapolation 181
6.6 Correcting Fossil Deformation 181
6.6.1 Taphonomic Scenarios 182
6.6.2 Correcting Plastic Deformation 184
6.7 Validating Virtual Reconstructions 189
6.8 Paleodiagnostics and Paleoforensics 192
6.9 Inferring Soft Tissue Structures 193
6.9.1 Motivation 193
6.9.2 Fossil Soft Tissue Reconstruction: Classic and Virtual Approaches 196
6.9.3 What Shall Be Reconstructed? 199
6.9.4 Soft Tissue Reconstruction and Measurement 200
6.10 Virtual Surgery: a Paleoanthropologist's Eye View 201
6.10.1 Motivation 201
6.10.2 Virtual Planning and Simulation of Surgical Interventions 201
6.10.3 Custom Implant Design 203
6.10.4 Soft Tissue Reconstructi
4.3 Filtering Images 102
4.3.1 Coffee and Kernels 102
4.3.2 Convolution and Fourier Analysis 106
4.3.3 Statistical Filters 107
4.3.4 Edge Detection Filters 108
4.4 Extracting Isosurfaces 113
4.4.1 Determining Boundaries in CT Images 113
4.4.2 From Edges to Isocontours and Isosurfaces 119
4.5 Interactive Segmentation 121
4.6 Further Reading 126
5 Visualization and Interaction 129
5.1 Visualizing Data in Two and More Dimensions 129
5.2 Interaction with Virtual Worlds 131
5.3 The Graphics Rendering Pipeline 132
5.4 Setting Up a Virtual Environment 132
5.4.1 Object Materials, Lighting, and Shading 133
5.4.2 Setting Up the Camera 139
5.4.3 Object Manipulation and Interaction 143
5.5 Volume Rendering 151
5.6 Further Reading 154
6 Virtual Fossil Reconstruction 155
6.1 A Baroque Puzzle 155
6.2 Principles of Reconstruction 157
6.3 Physical and Virtual Reconstruction 159
6.4 Preparing and Restoring Fossils on the Computer Screen 160
6.5 Reconstructing Fossil Morphologies 164
6.5.1 Recovering Implicit Anatomic Information 164
6.5.2 Combining Computer Graphics and Anatomy: The Globe Paradigm 166
6.5.3 Inferring Missing Information 175
6.5.4 Interpolation and Extrapolation 181
6.6 Correcting Fossil Deformation 181
6.6.1 Taphonomic Scenarios 182
6.6.2 Correcting Plastic Deformation 184
6.7 Validating Virtual Reconstructions 189
6.8 Paleodiagnostics and Paleoforensics 192
6.9 Inferring Soft Tissue Structures 193
6.9.1 Motivation 193
6.9.2 Fossil Soft Tissue Reconstruction: Classic and Virtual Approaches 196
6.9.3 What Shall Be Reconstructed? 199
6.9.4 Soft Tissue Reconstruction and Measurement 200
6.10 Virtual Surgery: a Paleoanthropologist's Eye View 201
6.10.1 Motivation 201
6.10.2 Virtual Planning and Simulation of Surgical Interventions 201
6.10.3 Custom Implant Design 203
6.10.4 Soft Tissue Reconstructi
... weniger
Autoren-Porträt von Christoph P. Zollikofer, Marcia Ponce de Leon
CHRISTOPH P. E. ZOLLIKOFER, Ph.D., Anthropological Institute, University of Zurich, SwitzerlandMARCIA S. PONCE DE LEÓN, Ph.D., Anthropological Institute, University of Zurich, Switzerland
Bibliographische Angaben
- Autoren: Christoph P. Zollikofer , Marcia Ponce de Leon
- 2005, 1. Auflage, 352 Seiten, Maße: 28 cm, Gebunden, Englisch
- Verlag: Wiley & Sons
- ISBN-10: 0471205079
- ISBN-13: 9780471205074
Sprache:
Englisch
Pressezitat
"..a worthy contribution." ( Journal of Anthropological Research , Summer 2006)"If you are interested in...three-dimensional reconstruction of past and present human and other anatomy, this is the text for you!" ( IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Magazine , May/June 2006)
"The authors have done a stupendous job of mining the available literature to present a coherent and organized work...the book is a useful addition to any anthropologist s library." ( American Journal of Human Biology , May/June 2006)
"...well presented. This is a decidedly visual topic, and the illustrations in the book are wonderful..." ( CHOICE , February 2006)
"This book is well written. It is surprising easy to read considering the technical subjects that were covered." ( The Quarterly Review of Biology , March 2006)
"...a very useful resource for anyone wanting to get started in a much wider variety of fields..." ( International Journal of Primatology, April 2007)
'...an excellent source for computer scientists working in the biosciences.' (Journal of Comparative Human Biology, March 2007 )
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