Vitamin A and Retinoids: An Update of Biological Aspects and Clinical Applications

Factors affecting blood levels of vitamin A.- Enzymology and biogenesis of retinoic acid.- Requirements and safety of vitamin A in humans.- Current views on carotenoids: biology, epidemiology and trials.- The role of vitamin A in visual transduction.- The role and evolutionary development of retinoic-acid signalling in the eye.- Vitamin A, retinoids and immune responses.- Vitamin A and infectious diseases.- Retinoid metabolism in the embryo.- Physiologically-based pharmacokinetic scaling in retinoid developmental toxicity.- Retinoic acid receptors in normal and neoplastic haematopoietic cells.- Modulation of nuclear vitamin D signalling by retinoids.- Pharmacology and molecular mechanisms of retinoid action in skin.- Synthetic retinoids and their usefulness in biology and medicine.- Proposed role of gap junctional communication in retinoid-induced suppression of proliferation and inhibition of neoplastic transformation.- Effects of all-trans retinoic acid and 13-cis retinoic acidon breast cancer cell lines.- Retinoids and interferons: combination studies in human cancer.- Treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia with all-trans retinoic acid.- Bioactivities of N-(4-hydroxyphenyl) retinamide.- Therapeutic uses of retinoids in skin diseases.- Retinoid treatment of photoaged skin.- Therapeutic uses of retinoic acid receptor antagonists and inverse agonists.