The Foot in Diabetes

List of Contributors xv
 
Preface xix
 
Introduction xxi
 
1 Epidemiology and Economic Impact of Foot Ulcers 1
Edward J. Boyko and Matilde Monteiro-Soares
 
1.1 Introduction 1
 
1.2 Diabetic Foot Ulcer (DFU) Definition 1
 
1.3 DFU Classification 2
 
1.4 DFU Incidence and Prevalence 3
 
1.5 DFU Recurrence 5
 
1.6 Risk Factors for Diabetic Foot Ulcers and Lower Extremity Amputation 6
 
1.7 Diabetic Foot Ulcer Outcomes 7
 
1.8 Economic Considerations 9
 
Reference 10
 
2 Cost of Diabetic Foot Disease in England 17
Marion Kerr
 
2.1 Introduction 17
 
2.2 Human Costs 17
 
2.3 Financial Costs 20
 
2.4 Why Measure Costs? 22
 
2.5 Establishing Healthcare Priorities 22
 
2.6 Conclusions 25
 
References 26
 
3 Epidemiology of Amputation and the Influence of Ethnicity 31
Caroline A. Abbott
 
3.1 Why Study the Epidemiology of LEA? 31
 
3.2 LEA Incidence Study Design: The Risk of Bias 32
 
3.3 LEA Risk Assessment Study Design 32
 
3.4 Risk Factors for LEA 33
 
3.5 Incidence Rates of LEA 34
 
3.6 International and Regional Differences 34
 
3.7 Time Trends in LEA Rates 34
 
3.8 Ethnic Differences in Diabetes-Related LEA 35
 
3.9 Ethnic Differences in Diabetes-Related LEA Risk 35
 
3.10 Indian Asians 38
 
References 38
 
4a The Diabetic Foot Worldwide: India 43
M. Viswanathan
 
4a.1 Introduction 43
 
4a.2 Epidemiology of Diabetes in India 43
 
4a.3 Socio Economic Burden Due to Diabetes 43
 
4a.4 Common Risk Factors for Amputation in India 43
 
4a.5 Diagnosing High Risk Feet in Developing Countries 44
 
4a.6 Comparison in Risk Factors between India and the Western World 44
 
4a.7 DFI as a Cause for Declining Kidney Function 44
 
4a.8 Helping People with Amputation Cope Up with the Disability

Andrew JM Boulton, Professor, Department of Medicine, Manchester Royal Infirmary, UK, and University of Miami, USA.
 
Gerry Rayman, MD, FRCP, Professor, Consultant Diabetologist, The Diabetes Centre, Ipswich Hospital, East Suffolk and North Essex NHS Foundation Trust, UK.
 
Dane K. Wukich, Professor and Chair, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Texas, USA.