Wireless LAN Radios
System Definition to Transistor Design
(Sprache: Englisch)
This book introduces the nuances of the 802.11 WLAN PHY standards (A/B/G) and describes their specifications and impact on radio design. The possible choices for the radio architecture (direct-conversion, low-IF, super heterodyne) are examined and their...
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Produktinformationen zu „Wireless LAN Radios “
This book introduces the nuances of the 802.11 WLAN PHY standards (A/B/G) and describes their specifications and impact on radio design. The possible choices for the radio architecture (direct-conversion, low-IF, super heterodyne) are examined and their impact on the transistor-level design is explained. Coverage includes the effect of certain analog/RF impairments on the overall system performance and a discussion of the choice of process technology on the radio architecture.
Klappentext zu „Wireless LAN Radios “
A high-level overview of radio design for wireless LAN systemsThe Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN), in both the technical and business worlds, is one of the few rising stars in the semiconductor industry. It is attracting a growing number of engineers and companies with its fairly high reliability, low cost, and high throughputs. As this trend continues, it is becoming increasingly important for both LAN system designers and circuit designers to have a solid grasp of WLAN applications to design the next generation of radios.
Wireless LAN Radios presents a sophisticated overview of the subject, covering the necessary theory while emphasizing the practical aspects of this promising technology. Coverage includes:
*
802.11 flavors and system requirements
*
Receiver and transmitter radio architectures
*
Analog impairments and issues
*
Key radio building blocks
*
Calibration techniques
*
Case studies
*
A brief discussion of 802.11n
Wireless LAN Radios also presents a detailed explanation of analog, digital, and mixed-mode calibration techniques for improving system performance and chip yield, while the impact of radio architecture on die size, system cost, and power consumption is also thoroughly evaluated. Complete with several case studies that explore the morass of trade-offs faced in industry, this books offers a meaningful presentation of real-world issues facing designers, engineers, theorists, and researchers working in this industry. The book is also an excellent text for graduate students in the general area of wireless LAN design.
A high-level overview of radio design for wireless LAN systems The Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN), in both the technical and business worlds, is one of the few rising stars in the semiconductor industry. It is attracting a growing number of engineers and companies with its fairly high reliability, low cost, and high throughputs. As this trend continues, it is becoming increasingly important for both LAN system designers and circuit designers to have a solid grasp of WLAN applications to design the next generation of radios.
Wireless LAN Radios presents a sophisticated overview of the subject, covering the necessary theory while emphasizing the practical aspects of this promising technology. Coverage includes:
- 802.11 flavors and system requirements
- Receiver and transmitter radio architectures
- Analog impairments and issues
- Key radio building blocks
- Calibration techniques
- Case studies
- A brief discussion of 802.11n Wireless LAN Radios also presents a detailed explanation of analog, digital, and mixed-mode calibration techniques for improving system performance and chip yield, while the impact of radio architecture on die size, system cost, and power consumption is also thoroughly evaluated. Complete with several case studies that explore the morass of trade-offs faced in industry, this books offers a meaningful presentation of real-world issues facing designers, engineers, theorists, and researchers working in this industry. The book is also an excellent text for graduate students in the general area of wireless LAN design.
Wireless LAN Radios presents a sophisticated overview of the subject, covering the necessary theory while emphasizing the practical aspects of this promising technology. Coverage includes:
- 802.11 flavors and system requirements
- Receiver and transmitter radio architectures
- Analog impairments and issues
- Key radio building blocks
- Calibration techniques
- Case studies
- A brief discussion of 802.11n Wireless LAN Radios also presents a detailed explanation of analog, digital, and mixed-mode calibration techniques for improving system performance and chip yield, while the impact of radio architecture on die size, system cost, and power consumption is also thoroughly evaluated. Complete with several case studies that explore the morass of trade-offs faced in industry, this books offers a meaningful presentation of real-world issues facing designers, engineers, theorists, and researchers working in this industry. The book is also an excellent text for graduate students in the general area of wireless LAN design.
Inhaltsverzeichnis zu „Wireless LAN Radios “
Preface ixAcronyms xi
CHAPTER 1 802.11 Flavors and System Requirements 1
1.1 Definition 1
1.2 WLAN Market Trends 3
1.3 History of 802.11 6
1.4 802.11: b, a, or g? 8
1.5 802.11b Standard 10
1.6 802.11a Channel Allocation 13
1.7 802.11a and 802.11g: OFDM Mapping 14
1.7.1 Multipath Fading 14
1.8 802.11a/g: Data Rates 21
1.9 802.11a/g OFDM Packet Construction 24
1.10 802.11 System Requirements 24
1.10.1 Receiver Sensitivity 24
1.10.2 Transmitter Error Vector Magnitude 26
1.10.3 Transmitter Spectral Mask 28
1.11 Vector Signal Analysis 33
CHAPTER 2 Radio Receiver and Transmitter Architectures 43
2.1 Architectures 43
2.1.1 Superheterodyne Receiver 44
2.1.1.1 Choice of Intermediate Frequency in Superheterodyne Receiver 47
2.1.2 Low IF Receiver 51
2.1.3 Direct-Conversion Receiver 55
2.1.4 Receiver Architectures: Summary 59
2.1.5 Superheterodyne Transmitter 60
2.1.6 Low IF Transmitter 64
2.1.7 Direct-Conversion Transmitter 64
2.1.8 Polar Modulators 66
2.2 Process Choices: CMOS versus SiGe BiCMOS 67
CHAPTER 3 Analog Impairments and Issues 73
3.1 Receiver Sensitivity and Noise Figure 73
3.2 Receiver DC Offsets and LO Leakage 75
3.3 Receiver Flicker Noise 79
3.4 Receiver Interferers and Intermodulation Distortion 83
3.4.1 IP3, IP2, and P1dB 83
3.4.2 Tools for Analyzing Modulated Signal Distortion 96
3.5 Receiver Image Rejection 102
3.5.1 Superheterodyne Receiver 102
3.5.2 Low IF Architecture 104
3.5.3 Direct-Conversion Receiver 106
3.6 Quadrature Balance and Relation to Image Rejection 107
3.7 Quadrature Balance and Relation to EVM 109
3.8 Other Transmitter (Modulator) Impairments 116
3.9 Peak-to-Average Ratio and Relation to Linearity and Efficiency 121
3.10 Local Oscillator Pulling in PLL 124
3.11 Phase Noise in PLL 126
3.12 Far-Out Phase Noise 130
3.13 Effect of Phase Noise on OFDM Systems 131
3.14 Effect of Frequency Errors on
... mehr
OFDM 132
3.15 Summary of Analog/RF Impairments 135
CHAPTER 4 Some Key Radio Building Blocks 137
4.1 Low Noise Amplifier 137
4.2 Mixer and its Local Oscillator Buffers 142
4.3 Power Amplifier 148
4.4 Fully Integrated VCO 153
4.5 Multifrequency (Stacked) Mixer 157
4.6 Open-Loop Transconductance Linearization Circuit 158
CHAPTER 5 Calibration Techniques 161
5.1 VCO Calibration 163
5.2 Automatic Frequency Control 165
5.3 Quadrature Error and Local Oscillator Feedthrough Calibration 172
5.4 Bias Current Calibrations (R Calibration) 175
5.5 Filter Time-Constant Calibration (RC Calibration) 176
5.6 Other Calibrations 177
CHAPTER 6 Case Studies 179
6.1 Case Study 1: A CMOS 802.11a Transceiver 179
6.1.1 Architecture and Circuit Implementation 179
6.1.2 Receiver 181
6.1.3 Transmitter 183
6.1.4 Phase-Locked Loop 186
6.2 Case Study 2: High Performance WLAN Transmitter Utilizing Quadrature and LOFT Calibration 189
CHAPTER 7 Brief Discussion Of 802.11n and Concluding Remarks 197
7.1 Need for 802.11n 197
7.2 802.11a/b/g/n MIMO Transceiver 202
7.2.1 Architecture and Circuit Implementation 203
7.2.1.1 Receiver 203
7.2.1.2 Transmitter 205
7.2.1.3 PLL and LO Generation 207
7.2.1.4 Calibration Techniques 209
7.2.2 Packaging Issues 211
7.2.3 Measurement Results 211
7.2.4 MIMO Case Study Conclusion 216
7.3 Concluding Remarks 217
References 221
Annotated Bibliography 223
Index 233
About the Author 241
3.15 Summary of Analog/RF Impairments 135
CHAPTER 4 Some Key Radio Building Blocks 137
4.1 Low Noise Amplifier 137
4.2 Mixer and its Local Oscillator Buffers 142
4.3 Power Amplifier 148
4.4 Fully Integrated VCO 153
4.5 Multifrequency (Stacked) Mixer 157
4.6 Open-Loop Transconductance Linearization Circuit 158
CHAPTER 5 Calibration Techniques 161
5.1 VCO Calibration 163
5.2 Automatic Frequency Control 165
5.3 Quadrature Error and Local Oscillator Feedthrough Calibration 172
5.4 Bias Current Calibrations (R Calibration) 175
5.5 Filter Time-Constant Calibration (RC Calibration) 176
5.6 Other Calibrations 177
CHAPTER 6 Case Studies 179
6.1 Case Study 1: A CMOS 802.11a Transceiver 179
6.1.1 Architecture and Circuit Implementation 179
6.1.2 Receiver 181
6.1.3 Transmitter 183
6.1.4 Phase-Locked Loop 186
6.2 Case Study 2: High Performance WLAN Transmitter Utilizing Quadrature and LOFT Calibration 189
CHAPTER 7 Brief Discussion Of 802.11n and Concluding Remarks 197
7.1 Need for 802.11n 197
7.2 802.11a/b/g/n MIMO Transceiver 202
7.2.1 Architecture and Circuit Implementation 203
7.2.1.1 Receiver 203
7.2.1.2 Transmitter 205
7.2.1.3 PLL and LO Generation 207
7.2.1.4 Calibration Techniques 209
7.2.2 Packaging Issues 211
7.2.3 Measurement Results 211
7.2.4 MIMO Case Study Conclusion 216
7.3 Concluding Remarks 217
References 221
Annotated Bibliography 223
Index 233
About the Author 241
... weniger
Autoren-Porträt von Arya Behzad
Arya Behzad is currently a Broadcom Distinguished Engineer, where he is the Director of Engineering working on radios for current and future generation wireless products and Product Line Manager for all wireless LAN radio products. This book and his IEEE Expert Now course on wireless LAN radio design are both derived from his popular course on this topic at the IEEE ISSCC.
Bibliographische Angaben
- Autor: Arya Behzad
- 2007, 1. Auflage, 256 Seiten, Maße: 16,2 x 24,3 cm, Gebunden, Englisch
- Verlag: Wiley & Sons
- ISBN-10: 0471709646
- ISBN-13: 9780471709640
- Erscheinungsdatum: 14.02.2008
Sprache:
Englisch
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