Advanced Series in Mathematical Physics: Bombay Lectures on Highest Weight Representations of Infinite Dimensional Lie Algebras (ePub)

The first edition of this book is a collection of a series of lectures given by Professor Victor Kac at the TIFR, Mumbai, India in December 1985 and January 1986. These lectures focus on the idea of a highest weight representation, which goes through four different incarnations.The first is the canonical commutation relations of the infinite dimensional Heisenberg Algebra (= oscillator algebra). The second is the highest weight representations of the Lie algebra gℓ∞ of infinite matrices, along with their applications to the theory of soliton equations, discovered by Sato and Date, Jimbo, Kashiwara and Miwa. The third is the unitary highest weight representations of the current (= affine Kac–Moody) algebras. These Lie algebras appear in the lectures in connection to the Sugawara construction, which is the main tool in the study of the fourth incarnation of the main idea, the theory of the highest weight representations of the Virasoro algebra. In particular, the book provides a complete proof of the Kac determinant formula, the key result in representation theory of the Virasoro algebra.The second edition of this book incorporates, as its first part, the largely unchanged text of the first edition, while its second part is the collection of lectures on vertex algebras, delivered by Professor Kac at the TIFR in January 2003. The basic idea of these lectures was to demonstrate how the key notions of the theory of vertex algebras — such as quantum fields, their normal ordered product and lambda-bracket, energy-momentum field and conformal weight, untwisted and twisted representations — simplify and clarify the constructions of the first edition of the book.This book should be very useful for both mathematicians and physicists. To mathematicians, it illustrates the interaction of the key ideas of the representation theory of infinite dimensional Lie algebras and of the theory of vertex algebras; and to physicists, these theories are turning into an important component of such domains of theoretical physics as soliton theory, conformal field theory, the theory of two-dimensional statistical models, and string theory.Contents:Definition of Positive-Energy Representations of VirComplete Reducibility of the Oscillator Representations of VirLie Algebras of Infinite MatricesBoson–Fermion CorrespondenceSchur PolynomialsN-Soliton SolutionsThe Kac Determinant FormulaNonabelian Generalization of Virasoro Operators: The Sugawara ConstructionThe Weyl–Kac Character Formula and Jacobi–Riemann Theta FunctionsCompletion of the Proof of the Kac Determinant FormulaLambda–Bracket of Local Formal DistributionsCompletion of U, Restricted Representations and Quantum FieldsNon-Commutative Wick FormulaConformal WeightsDefinition of a Vertex AlgebraDefinition of a Representation of a Vertex Algebraand other lecturesReadership: Mathematicians studying representation theory and theoretical physicists.Key Features:The first part of the lectures demonstrates four related constructions of highest weight representations of infinite-dimensional algebras: Heisenberg algebra, Lie algebra $gl_\infty$, affine Kac–Moody algebras and the Virasoro algebra. The constructions originate from theoretical physics and are explained in full detailThe complete proof of the Kac determinant formula is providedThe second part of the lectures demonstrates how the notions of the theory of vertex algebras clarify and simplify the constructions of the first partThe introductory exposition is self-containedMany examples providedCan be used for graduate courses