Body Area Communications / Wiley - IEEE (ePub)

Preface ix 1 Introduction to Body Area Communications 1 1.1 Definition 1 1.2 Promising Applications 2 1.2.1 Medical and Healthcare Applications 3 1.2.2 Assistance to People with Disabilities 7 1.2.3 Consumer Electronics and User Identification 7 1.3 Available Frequency Bands 8 1.3.1 UWB Band 8 1.3.2 MICS Band 10 1.3.3 ISM Band 10 1.3.4 HBC Band 11 1.4 Standardization (IEEE Std 802.15.6-2012) 11 1.4.1 Narrow Band PHY Specification 12 1.4.2 UWB PHY Specification 13 1.4.3 HBC PHY Specification 15 References 18 2 Electromagnetic Characteristics of the Human Body 21 2.1 Human Body Composition 21 2.2 Frequency-Dependent Dielectric Properties 22 2.3 Tissue Property Modeling 23 2.4 Aging Dependence of Tissue Properties 30 2.5 Penetration Depth versus Frequency 35 2.6 In-Body Absorption Characteristic 39 2.7 On-Body Propagation Mechanism 43 2.8 Diffraction Characteristic 49 References 52 3 Electromagnetic Analysis Methods 55 3.1 Finite-Difference Time-Domain Method 55 3.1.1 Formulation 55 3.1.2 Absorbing Boundary Conditions 59 3.1.3 Field Excitation 64 3.1.4 FDTD Flow Chart and Code 65 3.1.5 Frequency-Dependent FDTD Method 67 3.2 MoM-FDTD Hybrid Method 71 3.2.1 MoM Formulation 73 3.2.2 Scattered Field FDTD Formulation 75 3.2.3 Hybridization of MoM and FDTD Method 76 3.3 Finite Element Method 78 3.4 Numerical Human Body Model 83 References 87 4 Body Area Channel Modeling 89 4.1 Introduction 89 4.2 Path Loss Model 91 4.2.1 Free-Space Path Loss 91 4.2.2 On-Body UWB Path Loss 92 4.2.3 In-Body UWB Path Loss 98 4.2.4 In-Body MICS Band Path Loss 104 4.2.5 HBC Band Path Loss and Equivalent Circuit Expression 107 4.3 Multipath Channel Model 118 4.3.1 Saleh-Valenzuela Impulse Response Model 119 4.3.2 On-Body UWB Channel Model 119 4.3.3 In-Body UWB Channel Model 135 References 141 5 Modulation/Demodulation 143 5.1 Introduction 143 5.2 Modulation Schemes 144 5.2.1 ASK, FSK and PSK 144 5.2.2 IR-UWB 147 5.2.3 MB-OFDM 151 5.3 Demodulation and Error Probability 155 5.3.1 Optimum

Jianqing Wang, Department of Computer Science and Engineering,
Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of
Technology, Japan Prof Wang has been working in wireless
communications since 1991, and began bio-medical EMC research in
1995. Since 1997, when he became a full professor, he has engaged
in body area communications for healthcare, medical, and in-car
applications. Prof Wang's considerable experience in both
communication and biology makes him an active member in several
body-area-communication-related academic committees, as well as an
invited speaker at international conferences. He teaches several
related courses to graduate students and has prepared materials for
the class lecture. He holds a PhD and Masters in Engineering
from Tohuku University, and Bachelors in Engineering from Beijing
Institute of Technology.

Qiong Wang, Department of Electrical Engineering and
Information Technology , Dresden University of Technology,
Germany Dr Wang achieved his Phd in Engineering from the
University of Nagoya, Japan, in 2010. Whilst studying he worked at
the same university as a technical assistant and is now based in
Germany at Dresden University of Technology.

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