TNM Supplement

Preface viii Organizations Associated with the TNM System xiii National Committees xiii Acknowledgements xv Abbreviations xvi Chapter 1 Explanatory Notes - General The General Rules of the TNM System 1 The TNM Clinical and Pathological Classifications 7 Residual Tumour (R) Classification 15 Additional Descriptors 20 Optional Descriptors 24 Unknown Primary 25 Staging of Tumours for Which No TNM Classification is Provided 25 Histopathological Grading 26 References 28 Chapter 2 Explanatory Notes - Specific Anatomical Sites Head and Neck Tumours 34 Digestive System Tumours 54 Lung, Pleural and Thymic Tumours 85 Bone Tumours 104 Soft Tissue Tumours 106 Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumour (GIST) 108 Skin Tumours 110 Breast Tumours 118 Gynaecological Tumours 122 Urological Tumours 131 Ophthalmic Tumours 142 Hodgkin and Non-Hodgkin Lymphomas 149 References 150 Chapter 3 Site-Specific Requirements for pT and pN Introduction 157 Head and Neck Tumours 160 Digestive System Tumours 166 Lung and Pleural Tumours 173 Tumours of Bone and Soft Tissues 176 Skin Tumours 179 Breast Tumours 183 Gynaecological Tumours 185 Urological Tumours 188 Adrenal Cortex Tumours 192 Ophthalmic Tumours 193 Hodgkin and Non-Hodgkin Lymphomas 195 References 196 Chapter 4 New TNM Classifications Recommended for Testing and Other Classifications Introduction 198 General 198 Specific 198 Non Upper Aerodigestive Tract Mucosal Melanoma 199 Primary Liver Carcinoma of Infants and Children/Hepatoblastoma 200 Primary Cutaneous Lymphomas 202 Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphomas 202 Primary Cutaneous Lymphomas 203 Histopathologic Staging of Lymph Nodes in Mycosis Fungoides and Sézary Syndrome 204 Primary Cutaneous B-Cell/T-Cell Lymphoma (Non-MF/SS Lymphoma) 206 Multiple Myeloma 207 Leukaemia 208 References 208 Chapter 5 Optional Proposals for Testing New Subcategories of TNM All Tumour Sites 210 Head and Neck Tumours 210 Digestive System Tumours 211 Lung Tumours 213 Breast Tumours (ICD-0-3 C50) 214 Gynaecological Tumours 215

Christian Wittekind, MD; Professor of Pathology, Chairman Institute of Pathology, University of Leipzig, Germany.

James D Brierley, BSc, MB, FRCP, FRCR, FRCPC; Professor, Department of Radiation Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre / University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

Anne W. M. Lee, MD; Clinical Professor, Department of Clinical Oncology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.

Elisabeth van Eycken, MD; Director, Belgium Cancer Registry, Brussels, Belgium.