Acoustic and Auditory Phonetics

Acknowledgments viii
 
Introduction 1
 
Part I Fundamentals 5
 
1 Basic Acoustics and Acoustic Filters 7
 
1.1 The Sensation of Sound 7
 
1.2 The Propagation of Sound 8
 
1.3 Types of Sounds 11
 
1.3.1 Simple periodic waves 11
 
1.3.2 Complex periodic waves 12
 
1.3.3 Aperiodic waves 17
 
1.4 Acoustic Filters 19
 
Recommended Reading 22
 
Exercises 23
 
2 The Acoustic Theory of Speech Production: Deriving Schwa 25
 
2.1 Voicing 25
 
2.2 Voicing Quanta 28
 
2.3 Vocal Tract Filtering 30
 
2.4 Pendulums, Standing Waves, and Vowel Formants 32
 
2.5 Discovering Nodes and Antinodes in an Acoustic Tube 45
 
Recommended Reading 47
 
Exercises 48
 
3 Digital Signal Processing 49
 
3.1 Continuous versus Discrete Signals 49
 
3.2 Analog-to-Digital Conversion 50
 
3.2.1 Sampling 51
 
3.2.2 Quantization 55
 
3.3 Signal Analysis Methods 59
 
3.3.1 RMS amplitude 59
 
3.3.2 Fast Fourier transform (FFT) 60
 
3.3.3 Auto-correlation pitch tracking 64
 
3.3.4 Digital filters 68
 
3.3.5 Linear predictive coding (LPC) 71
 
3.3.6 Spectra and spectrograms 77
 
Recommended Reading 79
 
Exercises 80
 
4 Basic Audition 82
 
4.1 Anatomy of the Peripheral Auditory System 82
 
4.2 The Auditory Sensation of Loudness 83
 
4.3 Frequency Response of the Auditory System 88
 
4.4 Saturation and Masking 90
 
4.5 Auditory Representations 93
 
Rcommended Reading 97
 
Exercises 98
 
5 Speech Perception 100
 
5.1 Auditory Ability Shapes Speech Perception 101
 
5.2 Phonetic Knowledge Shapes Speech Perception 104
 
5.2.1 Categorical perception 104
 
5.2.2 Phonetic coherence 109
 
5.3 Linguistic Knowledge Shapes Speech Perception 112
 
5.4 Perceptual Similarity

Keith Johnson is Professor of Linguistics at the University of California, Berkeley. He is also the author of Quantitative Methods in Linguistics, and the 6th edition of Peter Ladefoged's A Course in Phonetics.

"Looking to offer a balanced, student-friendly approach to speech, with lively sidebars on related topics, this updated edition is intended to reflect the latest advances in the field." (Times Higher Education Supplement {Texbook Guide}, 3 November 2011)

"Looking to offer a balanced, student-friendly approach to speech,with lively sidebars on related topics, this updated edition isintended to reflect the latest advances in the field." (TimesHigher Education Supplement {Texbook Guide}, 3 November 2011)