Carbon Nanofibers

Foreword xix
 
Preface xxi
 
1 An Introduction to Carbon Nanofiber 1
Maheshwar Sharon
 
1.1 Introduction 1
 
1.1.1 History of Carbon Fiber 2
 
1.1.2 What is a Carbon Fiber? 3
 
1.1.3 Structures of Carbon Fibers 5
 
1.1.4 Synthesis of Carbon Fibers 6
 
1.1.4.1 Carbon Fibers from PAN 6
 
1.1.5 Properties of Carbon Fibers 6
 
1.2 Properties of Carbon Nanofiber and How It Differs from Carbon Nanotube 7
 
1.2.1 History of CNF 8
 
1.2.2 Role of Surface States in Controlling the Properties of CNFs 9
 
1.3 Synthesis of Carbon Nanofiber (CNF) 11
 
1.3.1 Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) Method 11
 
1.3.2 Precursors for CNF 12
 
1.3.3 Use of Catalyst in the Synthesis of CNF 12
 
1.3.4 Selection of Variable Parameters for Growth of CNF 13
 
1.3.5 Epitaxial Growth of Aligned CNF 14
 
1.3.6 Mechanism of CNF Synthesis 14
 
1.4 Properties of CNF and Its Composites 15
 
1.5 Applications of CNF 15
 
1.6 Health Hazards of CNF 18
 
1.7 Summary 19
 
References 19
 
2 Biogenic Carbon Nanofibers 21
Madhuri Sharon
 
2.1 Introduction 21
 
2.2 Plants as Source of Precursor for CNF Synthesis 22
 
2.2.1 Plant Parts 26
 
2.2.1.1 Fibrous Plant Material Used for Synthesizing CNF 26
 
2.2.1.2 Characterization of CNF Obtained by Pyrolysis of Plant Seeds 29
 
2.2.2 Plant Metabolites 34
 
2.2.2.1 Characterization of CNF Obtained by Pyrolysis of Plant Metabolites 36
 
2.3 CNF Derived from Parts of Different Plants and Their Applications 37
 
2.3.1 Hydrogen Storage in CNF 37
 
2.3.2 Removal of Heavy Metals by CNF 38
 
2.3.3 Microwave Absorption Capacity of CNF 39
 
2.3.4 CNF as Electrocatalysts for Microbial Energy Harvesting 40
 
2.3.5 CNF as Regenerative Medicine 40
 
2.3.6 CNF as Deodorizer 41
 
2.3.7 CNF Composites for

Madhuri Sharon, (Retd. Director at Reliance Industries), PhD from Leicester University UK, postdoctoral research from Bolton Institute of Technology U.K., is currently the Director of NSN Research Centre for Nanotechnology & Bionanotechnology and Managing Director of Monad Nanotech as well as Adjunct-Professor University of Mumbai & Professor-Emeritus JJT University, India. She has published more than 130 papers, 4 books and 11 patents. Her research focuses on the synthesis, biosynthesis and application of various nanomaterials (graphene oxide, carbon dots, carbon nanomaterials and nanometals) in drug-delivery.
 
Maheshwar Sharon, (Retd. Professor IIT Bombay) PhD from Leicester University, U.K, and postdoctoral research from Bolton Institute of Technology, U.K., is Director of NSN Research Centre for Nanotechnology & Bionanotechnology and Technical Director of Monad Nanotech as well as Adjunct-Professor at the University of Mumbai, India. His specializations are electrochemistry (photoelectrochemistry & battery), solid state chemistry (diffusion & electrical properties), superconductivity, carbon (fullerenes, nanocarbon, low band gap semiconductor, etc.) and energy: photovoltaic wet & dry solar cells. For his contribution to carbon he was awarded the 'Bangur Award'. He has five patents, five books and 173 publications to his credit.