Beam-Foil Spectroscopy

1. Experimental Methods.- 1.1 Accelerators.- 1.2 Ion Sources.- 1.3 Beam Requirements and Limitations.- 1.4 Mass Analyzers.- 1.5 Target Chambers.- 1.6 Targets.- 1.7 Analytical Devices.- 1.8 Detectors.- 1.9 Detection Geometry and Line Width.- 1.10 Beam Monitors.- 1.11 External Fields.- 1.12 Concluding Remarks.- References.- 2. Studies of Atomic Spectra by the Beam-Foil Method.- 2.1 Experimental Methods.- 2.2 Results of Spectral Studies.- References.- 3. Lifetime Measurements.- 3.1 Lifetime Studies as a Basic Area of Atomic Physics.- 3.2 Definitions of Basic Quantities.- 3.3 Measurement of Beam-Foil-Excited Decay Curves.- 3.4 Time Dependence of the Measured Decay Curves.- 3.5 Mean-Life Extraction by Exponential Fits to Individual Decay Curves.- 3.6 Mean-Life Extraction by Joint Analysis of Cascade-Related Decay Curves.- 3.7 Cascade-Free Methods.- 3.8 Concluding Remarks.- References.- 4. Theoretical Oscillator Strengths of Neutral, Singly-Ionized, and Multiply-Ionized Atoms: The Theory, Comparisons with Experiment, and Critically-Evaluated Tables with New Results.- 4.1 The Non-Closed-Shell Many-Electron Theory.- 4.2 A Spectroscopic Interpretation of the Charge Wave Function.- 4.3 NCMET Calculations,.- 4.4 States Not Lowest of Their Symmetry.- 4.5 New Oscillator Strengths for Intershell (KL ? KL'[M]) Transitions to Pre-Rydberg Levels (V ? pR).- 4.6 Further Examination of Remaining Correlation Effects on Oscillator Strengths with NCMET.- 4.7 Conclusion.- References.- 5. Regularities of Atomic Oscillator Strengths in Isoelectronic Sequences.- 5.1 Theoretical Basis.- 5.2 Discussion of Established Trends.- 5.3 Oscillator-Strength Distributions in a Spectral Series Along an Isoelectronic Sequence.- 5.4 Relativistic Effects and Corrections.- 5.5 Summary.- References.- 6.Applications to Astrophysics; Absorption Spectra. By Ward Whaling.- 6.1 Branching Ratios.- 6.2 Curve-of-Growth Analysis.- 6.3 Beam-Foil-Spectroscopy Measurements Needed for Astrophysical Applications.-