Biotechnology for the Environment: Soil Remediation

Editor's Preface. Part 1: Current Practice and Trends. Biological soil treatment; J. Klein. 1.Introduction. 2. Fundamentals. 3. Necessary preliminary investigations. 4. Bioremediation techniques. 5. Re-use of the soil. 6. Bioassays for soil. 7. Perspectives. References. Life cycle assessment in soil bioremediation planning; S. Volkwein. Part 2: Ex Situ Clean Up Technologies. The DMT-BIODYN-process; C. Sinder, et al. 1. Introduction. 2. Materials and methods. 3. Results. 4. Discussion. Acknowledgements. References. The slurry decontamination process; R.H. Kleijntjens, et al. 1. Introduction. 2. Classification of treatment technologies. 3. Bioreactors. 4. Configuration of ex situ bioprocesses. 5. Scale-up. 6. Conclusions. Acknowledgements. References. Part 3: In Situ Clean-Up Technologies. In situ biological soil remediation techniques; P. Middeldorp, et al. 1. Introduction. 2. Source zone remediation techniques. 3. Active plume management techniques. 4. Natural attenuation. 5. Discussion and outlook. References. Part 4: Immobilisation of pollutants in the soil. Immobilisation of pesticides in the soil through enzymatic reactions; J.-M. Bollag. 1. Introduction. 2. Reactions between Pesticides and Humic Material. 3. Enzymes and their origin. 4. NMR spectroscopy to determine the type of binding of pesticides in the soil. 5. Stability and release of bound pesticides. 6. Enzymes as decontaminating agents. 7. Conclusions. References. Humidification of nitroaromatics; D. Bruns-Nagel, et al. 1. Introduction. 2. Composting of soil contaminated with nitroaromatics. 3. Optimisation of composting of TNT-contaminated soil. 4. Transformation of TNT during anaerobic/aerobic composting. 5. 14C-TNT balancing in anaerobic/aerobic composting. 6. Qualitative description of non-extractable 15N-TNT residues formed by an anaerobic/aerobic composting. 7. Conclusion. References. Part 5: Phytoremediation. Phytoremediation; T. Macek, et al. 1. Introduction. 2. Examples of practical