Cell and Molecular Biology

Mitochondrion 3699.3 The Role of Mitochondria in the Formation of ATP 3759.4 Translocation of Protons and the Establishment of a Proton-Motive Force 3849.5 The Machinery for ATP Formation 3859.6 Peroxisomes 39210 Chloroplast Structure and Function 39710.1 Chloroplast Structure and Function 39910.2 An Overview of Photosynthetic Metabolism 40010.3 The Absorption of Light 40210.4 Photosynthetic Units and Reaction Centers 40410.5 Photophosphorylation 41110.6 Carbon Dioxide Fixation and the Synthesis of Carbohydrate 41211 The Extracellular Matrix and Cell Interactions 42111.1 The Extracellular Space 42211.2 Interactions of Cells with Extracellular Materials 43011.3 Interactions of Cells with Other Cells 43611.4 Tight Junctions: Sealing The Extracellular Space 44611.5 Gap Junctions and Plasmodesmata: Mediating Intercellular Communication 44811.6 Cell Walls 45212 Cellular Organelles and Membrane Trafficking 45612.1 An Overview of the Endomembrane System 45712.2 A Few Approaches to the Study of Endomembranes 45912.3 The Endoplasmic Reticulum 46512.4 The Golgi Complex 47612.5 Types of Vesicle Transport and Their Functions 48112.6 Lysosomes 48912.7 Plant Cell Vacuoles 49312.8 The Endocytic Pathway: Moving Membrane and Materials into the Cell Interior 49412.9 Posttranslational Uptake of Proteins by Peroxisomes, Mitochondria, and Chloroplasts 50213 The Cytoskeleton 51013.1 Overview of the Major Functions of the Cytoskeleton 51113.2 The Study of the Cytoskeleton 51213.3 Microtubules 51613.4 Intermediate Filaments 54013.5 Microfilaments 54213.6 Muscle Contractility 55013.7 Nonmuscle Motility 55714 Cell Division 57214.1 The Cell Cycle 57314.2 M Phase: Mitosis and Cytokinesis 58114.3 Meiosis 60215 Cell Signaling Pathways 61715.1 The Basic Elements of Cell Signaling Systems 61815.2 A Survey of Extracellular Messengers and Their Receptors 62115.3 G Protein-Coupled Receptors and Their Second Messengers 62115.4 Protein-Tyrosine Phosphorylation as a Mechanism for Signal Transduction 63615.5 The Role of Calcium as an Intracellular Messenger 64815.6 Convergence, Divergence, and Cross-Talk Among Different Signaling Pathways 65315.7 The Role of NO as an Intercellular Messenger 65515.8 Apoptosis (Programmed Cell Death) 65616 Cancer 66416.1 Basic Properties of a Cancer Cell 66516.2 The Causes of Cancer 66716.3 The Genetics of Cancer 66916.4 New Strategies for Combating Cancer 68717 Immunity 69917.1 An Overview of the Immune Response 70017.2 The Clonal Selection Theory as It Applies to B Cells 70417.3 T Lymphocytes: Activation and Mechanism of Action 70717.4 Selected Topics on the Cellular and Molecular Basis of Immunity 71018 Methods in Cell Biology 73218.1 The Light Microscope 73318.10 Nucleic Acid Hybridization 76218.11 Chemical Synthesis of DNA 76418.12 Recombinant DNA Technology 76418.13 Enzymatic Amplification of DNA by PCR 76918.14 DNA Sequencing 77118.15 DNA Libraries 77318.16 DNA Transfer into Eukaryotic Cells and Mammalian Embryos 77518.17 Determining Eukaryotic Gene Function by Gene Elimination or Silencing 77818.18 The Use of Antibodies 78018.2 Transmission Electron Microscopy 74018.3 Scanning Electron and Atomic Force Microscopy 74618.4 The Use of Radioisotopes 74818.5 Cell Culture 74918.6 The Fractionation of a Cell?s Contents by Differential Centrifugation 75218.7 Isolation, Purification, and Fractionation of Proteins 75218.8 Determining the Structure of Proteins and Multisubunit Complexes 75818.9 Fractionation of Nucleic Acids 760Glossary G-1Additional Readings A-1Index I-1