Circulating Tumor Cells

List of Contributors xv
 
Foreword xxi
 
Preface xxv
 
PART I INTRODUCTION 1
 
1 Circulating Tumor Cells and Historic Perspectives 3
Jonathan W. Uhr
 
1.1 Early Studies on Cancer Dormancy Led to the Development of a Sensitive Assay for CTCs (1970-1998) 3
 
1.2 Modern Era for Counting CTCs: 1998-2007 6
 
1.3 Proof of Malignancy of CTCs 7
 
1.4 New Experiments Involving CTCs 7
 
1.5 Clinical Cancer Dormancy 8
 
1.6 Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 (HER2) Gene Amplification can be Acquired as Breast Cancer Progresses 10
 
1.7 uPAR and HER2 Co-amplification 11
 
1.8 Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) 12
 
1.9 New Instruments to Capture CTCs 14
 
1.10 Genotypic Analyses 15
 
1.11 Conclusions 18
 
References 20
 
2 Introduction to Microfluidics 33
Kangfu Chen and Z. Hugh Fan
 
2.1 Introduction 33
 
2.2 Scaling Law 36
 
2.3 Device Fabrication 39
 
2.4 Functional Components in Microfluidic Devices 43
 
2.5 Concluding Remarks 46
 
References 47
 
PART II ISOLATION METHODS 51
 
3 Ensemble-decision Aliquot Ranking (eDAR) for CTC Isolation and Analysis 53
Mengxia Zhao, Perry G. Schiro, and Daniel T. Chiu
 
3.1 Overview of eDAR 53
 
3.2 Individual Components and Analytical Performance of eDAR 55
 
3.3 Application and Downstream Analyses of eDAR 69
 
3.4 Conclusion and Perspective 80
 
References 81
 
4 Sinusoidal Microchannels with High Aspect Ratios for CTC Selection and Analysis 85
Joshua M. Jackson, MaBgorzata A. Witek, and Steven A. Soper
 
4.1 Introduction 85
 
4.2 Parallel Arrays of High-Aspect-Ratio, Sinusoidal Microchannels for CTC Selection 90
 
4.3 Clinical Applications of Sinusoidal CTC Microchip 114
 
4.4 Conclusion 118
 
Acknowledgments 119
 
References 119
 
5 Cell Separation using