Chemical Process Safety
Fundamentals With Applications. United States Edition
(Sprache: Englisch)
The Leading Guide To Process Safety Now Extensively Updated For Today's Processes And Systems As chemical processes have grown more complex, so have the safety systems required to prevent accidents. Chemical Process Safety, Third Edition, offers students...
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The Leading Guide To Process Safety Now Extensively Updated For Today's Processes And Systems As chemical processes have grown more complex, so have the safety systems required to prevent accidents. Chemical Process Safety, Third Edition, offers students and practitioners a more fundamental understanding of safety and the application required to safely design and manage today's sophisticated processes. The third edition continues the definitive standard of the previous editions. The content has been extensively updated to today's techniques and procedures, and two new chapters have been added. A new chapter on chemical reactivity provides the information necessary to identify, characterize, control, and manage reactive chemical hazards. A new chapter on safety procedures and designs includes new content on safely management, and specific procedures including hot work permits, lock-tag-try, and vessel entry.
Subjects Include * Inherently safer design * Toxicology and industrial hygiene * Toxic release and dispersion models * Fires and explosions, and how to prevent them * Reliefs and relief sizing * Hazard identification * Risk assessment * Safe designs and procedures * Case histories Chemical Process Safety, Third Edition, is an ideal reference for professionals. It can be used for both graduate and undergraduate instruction. This edition contains more than 480 end-of-chapter problems. A solutions manual is available for instructors.
Klappentext zu „Chemical Process Safety “
The Leading Guide To Process Safety Now Extensively Updated For Today's Processes And SystemsAs chemical processes have grown more complex, so have the safety systems required to prevent accidents. Chemical Process Safety, Third Edition,offers students a more fundamental and engineering science based understanding of safety and the application required to safely design and manage today's sophisticated processes.
The third edition continues the definitive standard of the previous editions. The content has been extensively updated to today's fundamentals , techniques and procedures, and two new chapters have been added. A new chapter on chemical reactivity provides the information necessary to identify, characterize, control, and manage reactive chemical hazards. A new chapter on safety procedures and designs includes new content on safely management, and specific procedures including hot work permits, lock-tag-try, and vessel entry.
Inhaltsverzeichnis zu „Chemical Process Safety “
Preface xv About the Authors xvii On the Cover xviii Nomenclature xix Chapter 1: Introduction 1 1-1 Safety Programs 2 1-2 Engineering Ethics 4 1-3 Accident and Loss Statistics 4 1-4 Acceptable Risk 12 1-5 Public Perceptions 14 1-6 The Nature of the Accident Process 15 1-7 Inherent Safety 20 1-8 Seven Significant Disasters 23 Suggested Reading 31 Problems 32 Chapter 2: Toxicology 37 2-1 How Toxicants Enter Biological Organisms 38 2-2 How Toxicants Are Eliminated from Biological Organisms 41 2-3 Effects of Toxicants on Biological Organisms 42 2-4 Toxicological Studies 43 2-5 Dose versus Response 44 2-6 Models for Dose and Response Curves 50 2-7 Relative Toxicity 56 2-8 Threshold Limit Values 56 2-9 National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) Diamond 58 On-Line Resources 59 Suggested Reading 60 Problems 60 Chapter 3: Industrial Hygiene 65 3-1 Government Regulations 66 3-2 Industrial Hygiene: Anticipation and Identification 78 3-3 Industrial Hygiene: Evaluation 84 3-4 Industrial Hygiene: Control 99 On-Line Resources 109 Suggested Reading 109 Problems 110 Chapter 4: Source Models 119 4-1 Introduction to Source Models 119 4-2 Flow of Liquid through a Hole 122 4-3 Flow of Liquid through a Hole in a Tank 126 4-4 Flow of Liquids through Pipes 131 4-5 Flow of Gases or Vapors through Holes 140 4-6 Flow of Gases or Vapors through Pipes 146 4-7 Flashing Liquids 163 4-8 Liquid Pool Evaporation or Boiling 169 4-9 Realistic and Worst-Case Releases 170 4-10 Conservative Analysis 172 Suggested Reading 173 Problems 174 Chapter 5: Toxic Release and Dispersion Models 185 5-1 Parameters Affecting Dispersion 186 5-2 Neutrally Buoyant Dispersion Models 190 5-3 Dense Gas Dispersion 209 5-4 Dense Gas Transition to Neutrally Buoyant Gas 219 5-5 Toxic Effect Criteria 225 5-6 Effect of Release Momentum and Buoyancy 233 5-7 Release Mitigation 234 Suggested Reading 235 Problems 236 Chapter 6: Fires and Explosions 245 6-1 The Fire Triangle 245 6-2 Distinction between Fires and Explosions 247 6-3
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Definitions 247 6-4 Flammability Characteristics of Liquids and Vapors 249 6-5 Limiting Oxygen Concentration and Inerting 260 6-6 Flammability Diagram 262 6-7 Ignition Energy 270 6-8 Autoignition 270 6-9 Auto-Oxidation 271 6-10 Adiabatic Compression 272 6-11 Ignition Sources 273 6-12 Sprays and Mists 274 6-13 Explosions 275 Suggested Reading 304 Problems 305 Chapter 7: Concepts to Prevent Fires and Explosions 317 7-1 Inerting 318 7-2 Static Electricity 333 7-3 Controlling Static Electricity 356 7-4 Explosion-Proof Equipment and Instruments 363 7-5 Ventilation 367 7-6 Sprinkler Systems 370 7-7 Miscellaneous Concepts for Preventing Fires and Explosions 374 Suggested Reading 374 Problems 375 Chapter 8: Chemical Reactivity 381 8-1 Background Understanding 382 8-2 Commitment,Awareness, and Identification of Reactive Chemical Hazards 384 8-3 Characterization of Reactive Chemical Hazards Using Calorimeters 390 8-4 Controlling Reactive Hazards 416 Suggested Reading 418 Problems 418 Chapter 9: Introduction to Reliefs 429 9-1 Relief Concepts 430 9-2 Definitions 432 9-3 Location of Reliefs 433 9-4 Relief Types and Characteristics 436 9-5 Relief Scenarios 443 9-6 Data for Sizing Reliefs 444 9-7 Relief Systems 444 Suggested Reading 452 Problems 453 Chapter 10: Relief Sizing 459 10-1 Conventional Spring-Operated Reliefs in Liquid Service 460 10-2 Conventional Spring-Operated Reliefs in Vapor or Gas Service 466 10-3 Rupture Disc Reliefs in Liquid Service 470 10-4 Rupture Disc Reliefs in Vapor or Gas Service 471 10-5 Two-Phase Flow during Runaway Reaction Relief 472 10-6 Pilot-Operated and Bucking-Pin Reliefs 481 10-7 Deflagration Venting for Dust and Vapor Explosions 481 10-8 Venting for Fires External to Process Vessels 488 10-9 Reliefs for Thermal Expansion of Process Fluids 492 Suggested Reading 496 Problems 497 Chapter 11: Hazards Identification 505 11-1 Process Hazards Checklists 508 11-2 Hazards Surveys 508 11-3 Hazards and Operability Studies 524 11-4 Safety Reviews 530 11-5 Other Methods 537 Suggested Reading 538 Problems 538 Chapter 12: Risk Assessment 549 12-1 Review of Probability Theory 550 12-2 Event Trees 564 12-3 Fault Trees 569 12-4 QRA and LOPA 577 Suggested Reading 588 Problems 588 Chapter 13: Safety Procedures and Designs 597 13-1 Process Safety Hierarchy 598 13-2 Managing Safety 599 13-3 Best Practices 600 13-4 Procedures--Operating 600 13-5 Procedures--Permits 601 13-6 Procedures--Safety Reviews and Accident Investigations 603 13-7 Designs for Process Safety 604 13-8 Miscellaneous Designs for Fires and Explosions 615 13-9 Designs for Runaway Reactions 615 13-10 Designs for Handling Dusts 616 Suggested Reading 617 Problems 618 Chapter 14: Case Histories 621 14-1 Static Electricity 622 14-2 Chemical Reactivity 626 14-3 System Designs 631 14-4 Procedures 637 14-5 Training 642 14-6 Conclusion 645 Suggested Reading 646 Problems 646 Appendix A: Unit Conversion Constants 649 Appendix B: Flammability Data for Selected Hydrocarbons 653 Appendix C: Detailed Equations for Flammability Diagrams 659 Equations Useful for Gas Mixtures 659 Equations Useful for Placing Vessels into and out of Service 664 Appendix D: Formal Safety Review Report for Example 10-4 669 Appendix E: Saturation Vapor Pressure Data 679 Appendix F: Special Types of Reactive Chemicals 681 Appendix G: Hazardous Chemicals Data for a Variety of Chemical Substances 687 Index 695
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Autoren-Porträt von Daniel A. Crowl, Joseph F. Louvar
Daniel A. Crowl is Herbert H. Dow Professor for Chemical Process Safety at Michigan Tech. He serves on the AIChE Center for Chemical Process Safety (CCPS) Safety and Chemical Engineering Education (SACHE) Committee, and is author/editor of several AIChE books on process safety. His awards include AIChE's Bill Doyle Award; the ACS Chemical Health and Safety Award; the Walton/Miller award from AIChE's Safety and Health Division; and the AIChE Board's Gary Leach Award. He is a Fellow of AIChE, ACS Safety and Health Division , and CCPS. Joseph F. Louvar is Research Professor at Wayne State University's College of Engineering, where he teaches chemical process safety, risk assessment, and process design. He was recently the CCPS staff consultant for the Undergraduate Education Committee, commonly known as the Safety and Chemical Engineering Education Committee (AIChE's SACHE) and has previously chaired this committee for over ten years. His books include Health and Environmental Risk Analysis: Fundamentals with Applications (Prentice Hall, 1997).
Bibliographische Angaben
- Autoren: Daniel A. Crowl , Joseph F. Louvar
- 2011, 3. Aufl., 752 Seiten, Maße: 18,3 x 23,4 cm, Gebunden, Englisch
- Verlag: PEV
- ISBN-10: 0131382268
- ISBN-13: 9780131382268
Sprache:
Englisch
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