Current Surgical Therapy

Mintz and Mark A. Talamini Strictureplasty in Crohn's Disease 128 Robert R. Cima and John H. Pemberton Small Bowel Tumors 132 Vitaliy Y. Poylin and Josef E. Fischer Diverticulosis of the Small Bowel 136 Douglas Bernstein, Frederic E. Eckhauser, and Martin A. Makary Mesenteric Vascular Disease of the Small Bowel 139 Jason F. Hall and Charles M. Ferguson Enterocutaneous Fistula 143 Edmund S. Kassis and Martin A. Makary Management of the Short Bowel Syndrome 145 Jon S. Thompson Small Bowel Carcinoid Tumors 150 Lindsey N. Jackson and B. Mark Evers Motility Disorders of the Stomach and Small Bowel 156 Corey W. Iqbal, Michael S. Kasparek, and Michael G. Sarr Chapter 4: LARGE BOWEL Virtual Colonoscopy 161 Karen M. Horton and Elliot K. Fishman Diverticular Disease of the Colon 166 Matthew R. Dixon and Judith L. Trudel Chronic Ulcerative Colitis 170 Anna Serur, Frank J. Caliendo, Luz P. Angel, and John A. Procaccino Crohn's Colitis 178 Susan Galandiuk Ischemic Colitis 183 C. Neal Ellis Clostridium difficile Colitis 186 Karen E. Deveney Large Bowel Obstruction 189 Bruce G. Wolff and Anne-Marie Boller Acute Colonic Pseudo-Obstruction (Olgilvie's Syndrome) 192 Amy L. Halverson Colonic Volvulus 195 David A. McClusky, III and Aaron S. Fink Rectal Prolapse and Obstructed Defecation 198 Susan L. Gearhart Solitary Rectal Ulcer Syndrome 204 Janice F. Rafferty Radiation Injury to the Small and Large Bowel 205 Najjia N. Mahmoud and Robert D. Fry Surgery of the Polyposis Syndromes 210 James M. Church Colon Cancer 217 Michael A. Choti Rectal Cancer 220 Nita Ahuja The Use of 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography in the Management of Colorectal Cancer 232 Tobias Leibold, Ignacio A. Echenique, and Jose' G. Guillem Adjuvant Treatment for Colorectal Cancer 235 Jeff Infante and Wells Messersmith Tumors of the Anal Region 241 Jennifer M. Ayscue and Lee E. Smith Colorectal Polyps 244 Anthony J. Senagore Management of Peritoneal Surface Malignancy: The Surgeon's Role 246 Jesus Esquivel and Paul H. Sugarbaker Surgical Management of Constipation 251 Charles M. Friel and Ann C. Lowry Preoperative Bowel Preparation 256 David A. Margolin and Charles B. Whitlow Acute Appendicitis 257 Genevieve B. Melton and Mark D. Duncan Hemorrhoids 261 Sharon G. Gregorcyk and Philip J. Huber, Jr. Anal Fissures 268 Meagan Costedio and Peter A. Cataldo Anorectal Abscess and Fistula 271 Sean C. Glasgow and David W. Dietz Anorectal Stricture 277 John G. Carson and Michael J. Stamos Pruritus Ani 281 Christopher Kenyon and Anthony R. MacLean Fecal Incontinence 285 Madeleine Poirier and Herand Abcarian Rectovaginal Fistula 291 N. Anh Tran and Alan G. Thorson Condyloma Acuminata 296 Katherine Facklis and Phillip Fleshner Modern Management of Pilonidal Disease 299 Jan Rakinic Approach to Lower Gastrointestinal Bleeding 306 Charles E. Lucas, Anna M. Ledgerwood, and Choichi Sugawa Chapter 5: THE LIVER Newer Techniques in Liver Surgery 311 Rebecca Taylor and Yuman Fong Hepatic Abscess 317 Conrad H. Simpfendorfer and J. Michael Henderson Cystic Disease of the Liver 322 Reid B. Adams and Todd W. Bauer Echinococcal Disease of the Liver 331 Timothy M. Pawlik Benign Liver Lesions 335 Jane M. Liaw and William C. Chapman Liver Hemangioma 342 Steven C. Cunningham and Robert C. Moesinger Malignant Liver Tumors 346 Keith D. Gray, Dario Ribero, and Jean-Nicholas Vauthey Hepatic Malignancy: Resection versus Transplantation 351 Eric T. Castaldo and C. Wright Pinson Surgery for Colorectal Liver Metastases 356 Ronald P. DeMatteo Colorectal Cancer Metastatic to the Liver: Radiofrequency Ablation 362 Anton J. Bilchik Factors Affecting Morbidity and Mortality after Liver Resection 366 Nestor F. Esnaola and Steven A. Curley Chapter 6: PORTAL HYPERTENSION Portal Hypertension: The Role of Shunting Procedures 373 Layton F. Rikkers Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunts (TIPS) 380 Ashkan A. Malayeri, Gregory Czuczman, and Aravind Arepally Portal Hypertension: Role of Liver Transplantation 386 Andrew M. Cameron, Jonathan R. Hiatt, and Ronald W. Busuttil Endoscopic Therapy for Esophageal Variceal Hemorrhage 391 Priscilla Magno and Anthony N. Kalloo Refractory Ascites 393 Kevin A. Moreman and H. Franklin Herlong Hepatic Encephalopathy 396 Mack C. Mitchell, Jr. Budd-Chiari Syndrome 399 Andrew S. Klein and Steven Colquhoun Chapter 7: GALLBLADDER AND BILIARY TREE Asymptomatic (Silent) Gallstones 405 Robert A. Garwood and John B. Hanks Acute Cholecystitis 408 Harry Zemon and Todd A. Ponsky Management of Common Duct Stones 412 Brent D. Matthews and Steven M. Strasberg Acute Cholangitis 417 Siong-Seng Liau and Edward E. Whang Benign Biliary Strictures 420 Marshall S. Baker and Keith D. Lillemoe Complications of Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy 425 Aaron Eckhauser and Kenneth W. Sharp Cystic Disorders of the Bile Ducts 430 Jayme E. Locke and Pamela A. Lipset Gallstone Ileus 436 Sam G. Pappas and Steven A. Ahrendt Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis 438 Nicholas J. Zyromski and Henry A. Pitt Bile Duct Cancer 442 Steven C. Cunningham and Richard D. Schulick Gallbladder Cancer 448 Daniela P. Ladner and Sherry M. Wren Antibiotic Selection in Biliary Surgery 453 Donald E. Fry Transhepatic Interventions for Obstructive Jaundice 456 Eleni Liapi, Christos S. Georgiades, and Jean-Francois Geschwind Obstructive Jaundice: Endoscopic Therapy 467 David F. Hutcheon Chapter 8: THE PANCREAS Acute Pancreatitis 473 Zara Cooper and Stanley W. Ashley Management of Gallstone Pancreatitis 477 Thomas J. Howard Pancreas Divisum and Other Variants of Dominant Dorsal Duct Anatomy 481 Andrew L. Warshaw Pancreatic Abscess 485 Katherine A. Morgan and David B. Adams Pancreatic Pseudocysts 490 Kevin E. Behrns Pancreatic Ductal Disruptions Leading to Pancreatic Fistula, Pancreatic Ascites, or Pleural Effusion 494 L. William Traverso, Mehran Fotoohi, and Richard A. Kozarek Chronic Pancreatitis 499 James K. Fullerton and Gary C. Vitale Periampullary Cancer 506 O. Joe Hines and Howard A. Reber Palliative Therapy for Pancreatic Cancer 514 Theodore N. Pappas and Sebastian G. de la Fuente Neoadjuvant and Adjuvant Therapy of Pancreatic Cancer 520 Vincent J. Picozzi Unusual Pancreatic Tumors 524 Kacy Phillips, Jason B. Fleming, Eric P. Tamm, and Douglas B. Evans Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasms of the Pancreas 530 Kenneth J. Woodside and Taylor S. Riall Management of Pancreatic Islet Cell Tumors Excluding Gastrinoma 535 Herbert Chen Transplantation of the Pancreas 540 Miguel Tan and Joseph Keith Melancon Chapter 9: THE SPLEEN Splenectomy for Hematologic Disordeers 545 Molly L. Sebastian and Michael R. Marohn Cysts, Tumors, and Abscesses of the Spleen 551 Thomas McIntyre and Michael E. Zenilman Splenic Salvage Procedures: Therapeutic Options 554 Adil H. Haider and Edward E. Cornwell, III Chapter 10: HERNIA Groin Hernia 561 Leena Khaitan and J. Barry McKernan The Management of Recurrent Inguinal Hernia 569 Gregory J. Mancini and Bruce J. Ramshaw Incisional, Epigastric, and Umbilical Hernias 573 Anthony P. Tufaro and Kurtis A. Campbell Spigelian, Lumbar, and Obturator Herniation 576 Thomas Rauth, Michael Holzman, and John Tarpley Chapter 11: ENDOCRINE GLANDS Adrenocortical Tumors 583 James A. Lee and Electron Kebebew Pheochromocytoma 592 Geoffrey B. Thompson and Clive S. Grant Adrenal Incidentaloma 597 L. Michael Brunt and Jeffrey F. Moley Management of Thyroid Nodules 602 lizabeth A. Mittendorf and Christopher R. McHenry Nontoxic Goiter 608 Martha A. Zeiger Thyroid Cancer 610 Rasa Zarnegar and Orlo H. Clark Hyperthyroidism 618 Clive S. Grant and Geoffrey B. Thompson Thyroiditis 622 James A. Stefater and Alan P. B. Dackiw Primary Hyperparathyroidism 626 Sanziana Roman and Robert Udelsman Persistent or Recurrent Hyperparathyroidism 630 Elizabeth A. Mittendorf and Nancy D. Perrier Secondary and Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism 635 Sanziana A. Roman and Julie Ann Sosa Chapter 12: THE BREAST The Role of Stereotactic Breast Biopsy in the Management of Breast Disease 641 Monica Morrow and Kathryn Evers Benign Breast Disease 644 Julie R. Lange Screening for Breast Cancer 647 Lisa K. Jacobs Cellular, Biochemical, and Molecular Targets in Breast Cancer 649 Helen Krontiras and Kirby I. Bland Breast Cancer: Surgical Therapy 652 Marshall M. Urist Ablative Techniques in the Treatment of Benign and Malignant Breast Disease 655 V. Suzanne Klimberg Lymphatic Mapping and Sentinel Lymphadenectomy 659 Peter W. Henderson and Rache M. Simmons Advances in Adjuvant and Neoadjuvant Therapy for Breast Cancer 662 Lisa A. Newman Inflammatory Breast Cancer 670 S. Eva Singletary Ductal and Lobular Carcinoma In Situ of the Breast 673 Armando E. Giuliano and Helen Mabry Management of Recurrent and Disseminated Breast Cancer 676 Theodore N. Tsangaris Male Breast Cancer 681 Kenneth A. Kern Breast Reconstruction following Mastectomy: Indications, Techniques, and Results 685 Michele A. Manahan and Navin Singh Chapter 13: CHEST WALL, MEDIASTINUM, TRACHEA Chest Wall Trauma 691 Paul Freeswick and B. Robert Gibson Primary Chest Wall Tumors 694 Leora B. Balsam and Richard I. Whyte Tracheostomy: Timing, Techniques, and Outcomes 698 Allan Philp and Thomas M. Scalea Pneumothorax 702 S. Rob Todd, Gary A. Vercruysse, and Frederick A. Moore Hemothorax 705 Russell L. Gruen and Gregory J. Jurkovich Mediastinal Masses 708 J. Timothy Sherwood and John D. Mitchell Primary Tumors of the Thymus 717 Kenneth A. Kesler Management of Tracheal Stenosis 723 Robert E. Merritt and Douglas J. Mathisen The Management of Acquired Esophageal Respiratory Tract Fistula 726 Cameron D. Wright Chapter 14: VASCULAR SYSTEM Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm: Open Repair 731 Michael A. Curi and Brian G. Rubin Endovascular Treatment of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm 736 Mahmoud B. Malas Ruptured Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm 742 Brian G. DeRubertis and Peter L. Faries Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm and Unexpected Abdominal Pathology 746 David P. Kuwayama and Glen S. Roseborough Transperitoneal versus Retroperitoneal Approach to the Aorta 750 G. Melville Williams Thoracic and Thoracoabdominal Aortic Aneurysms 753 James H. Black, III Acute Aortic Dissection and Its Complications 761 Thomas Reifsnyder and Robert Garvin Popliteal and Femoral Artery Aneurysms 765 William C. Krupski False Aneurysm and Arteriovenous Fistula 774 Kevin E. Taubman and David C. Han Carotid Endarterectomy 779 Louis L. Nguyen and Michael S. Conte Management of Recurrent Carotid Stenosis 784 Adnan H. Siddiqui and Robert H. Rosenwasser Balloon Angioplasty and Stents in Carotid Artery Occlusive Disease 791 E. Lynne Kelley and Jean Pierre Becquemin Brachiocephalic Reconstruction 796 Ali F. AbuRahma and Patrick A. Stone Management of Aneurysms of the Extracranial Carotid and Vertebral Arteries 801 Virginia L. Wong and Jerry Goldstone Nonoperative Treatment of Claudication 806 H. Alden Kirk and Charles S. O'Mara Aortoiliac Occlusive Disease 809 Rabih A. Chaer, Brian G. DeRubertis, and K. Craig Kent Femoropopliteal Occlusive Disease 816 David Rosenthal Management of Tibioperoneal Arterial Occlusive Disease 820 Spence M. Taylor, Dwight C. Kellicut, Dane E. Smith, and Jerry R. Youkey Profunda Femoris Reconstruction 826 Jimmy Pak and Christopher Zarins Axillofemoral Bypass 830 Evan C. Lipsitz Peripheral Arterial Occlusive Disease: Angioplasty, Stenting, and Endovascular Graft Treatment 834 Juan Carlos Jimenez and Samuel S. Ahn Upper Extremity Arterial Occlusive Disease 839 Alexander D. Shepard and Robert R. Slater Management of Infected Vascular Graft 844 Bruce A. Perler Gangrene of the Foot 849 Juan Carlos Jimenez and Peter F. Lawrence Management of Peripheral Arterial Embolism 854 Deepak Nair and Elliot L. Chaikof Buerger's Disease (Thromboangiitis Obliterans) 858 Carl-Magnus Wahlgren and Bruce L. Gewertz Peripheral Arterial and Bypass Graft Occlusion: Thrombolytic Therapy 860 Anthony J. Comerota and Santiago Chahwan Vascular Access 866 Michael J. Costanza and Vivian Gahtan Atherosclerotic Renovascular Disease 871 R. Eugene Zierler Raynaud's Syndrome 875 Ravi Veeraswamy and Gregorio A. Sicard Thoracic Outlet Syndromes 878 David J. Caparrelli and Julie A. Freischlag Acute Mesenteric Ischemia 884 Heitham T. Hassoun Management of Chronic Mesenteric Ischemia 889 Kaj H. Johansen and Sanjiv Parikh Diabetic Foot 891 Dennis F. Bandyk and Patrick A. Stone Diagnosis of Venous Disease 895 George Manis, Nicos Labropoulos, and Peter J. Pappas Deep Venous Thrombosis 899 John Byrne, Sean P. Roddy, and R. Clement Darling, III Pulmonary Thromboembolism 903 Stephen T. Smith and G. Patrick Clagett Inferior Vena Cava Filters 908 Christos S. Georgiades and Kelvin Hong Prevention of Venous Thromboembolism 913 Eric Peden and Alan B. Lumsden Lymphedema 917 Julie E. Park, Paul N. Manson, and E. Gene Deune Chapter 15: TRAUMA AND EMERGENCY CARE Airway Management in the Trauma Patient 921 Robert C. Mackersie and Julin F. Tang Initial Assessment and Resuscitation of Trauma Patients: A Practical, Efficient, and Evidence-Based Medicine Approach 930 Norman E. McSwain, Jr. Emergency Department Thoracotomy 936 Jay Menaker and Thomas M. Scalea Coagulopathy in the Trauma Patient 940 Peter Rhee and Kenji Inaba Blood Transfusion Therapy 944 Melissa M. Cushing and Paul M. Ness Head Injuries 949 Jon David Weingart The Surgeon's Use of Ultrasound in Thoracoabdominal Trauma 953 Christopher J. Dente and Grace S. Rozycki Blunt Abdominal Trauma 960 Anna M. Ledgerwood and Charles E. Lucas Penetrating Abdominal Trauma 964 L.D. Britt and G.D. Rushing Abdominal Compartment Syndrome 970 Horacio Hojman and Reuven Rabinovici Diaphragmatic Injuries 975 Udo Rudloff and H. Leon Pachter Liver Injury 987 Christopher J. Sonnenday Pancreatic and Duodenal Injuries 992 Michael F. Rotondo and Mark A. Newell Injuries to the Small and Large Bowel 996 J. David Richardson Rectal Injuries 1000 Jordan A. Weinberg and Timothy C. Fabian Injury to the Spleen 1003 Rebecca D. Edmonds and Andrew B. Peitzman Retroperitoneal Injuries: Kidney and Ureter 1006 Steven B. Brandes and Robert F. Buckman, Jr. Damage Control in the Trauma Patient 1014 Aurelio Rodriguez and Adrian W. Ong The Abdomen That Won't Close 1019 Rao R. Ivatury, Adai K. Malhotra, Michael B. Aboutanos, and There'se M. Duane The Management of Vascular Trauma 1028 Ben L. Zarzaur and Martin A. Croce The Management of Extremity Compartment Syndrome 1032 David V. Feliciano Pelvic Fractures 1037 H. Gill Cryer, III Spine and Spinal Cord Injuries 1042 Michael Pasquale and Mark Li Facial Injuries 1051 Paul N. Manson Penetrating Neck Trauma 1059 Carrie A. Sims and Patrick M. Reilly Blunt Cardiac Injury 1063 Elliott R. Haut Burn Wound Management 1066 Richard L. Gamelli and Geoffrey M. Silver Fluid Management and Nutritional Support of the Burn Patient 1072 Stephen M. Milner, Vijay A. Singh, and Jennifer Eldred Cold Injury 1075 Robert J. Spence Electrical and Lightning Injuries 1079 Robert J. Spence Chapter 16: SKIN AND SOFT TISSUE Skin Lesions: Evaluation, Diagnosis, and Management 1085 Rebecca Kazin and Michele A. Shermak Cutaneous Melanoma 1096 Mark B. Faries and Donald L. Morton Soft-Tissue Sarcoma 1101 Samuel Singer and Robert J. Canter Management of the Isolated Neck Mass 1107 Wayne M. Koch and David E. Tunkel Nerve Injury and Repair 1112 Gedge D. Rosson and A. Lee Dellon Hand Infections 1118 Hugo St-Hilaire and Richard J. Redett Gas Gangrene of the Extremity 1125 William C. Watson and Peter Muscarella, II Necrotizing Skin and Soft-Tissue Infections 1128 Michele A. Manahan, Stephen M. Milner, Paul Freeswick, and John W. Harmon Chapter 17: PREOPERATIVE AND POSTOPERATIVE CARE Fluid and Electrolyte Therapy 1133 Jared M. Huston, Soumitra R. Eachempati, and Philip S. Barie Nutritional Support in the Critically Ill 1138 Kevin P. Keating and William Marshall Catheter Sepsis in the Intensive Care Unit 1141 Carol R. Schermer and Ben L. Zarzaur Preoperative Assessment of the Elderly Patient 1144 Martin A. Makary, Colleen Christmas, and John R. Burton Perioperative Care and Monitoring of the Surgical Patient: Evidence-Based Performance Practices 1148 Robert W. Thomsen, Elizabeth A. Martinez, and Brett A. Simon Surgical Site Infections 1152 Meghan A. Arnold and Adrian Barbul Intra-Abdominal Infections 1160 Rahima Nenshi and John C. Marshall Abnormal Operative and Postoperative Bleeding 1164 John J. Como and Charles J. Yowler Occupational Exposure to HIV and Other Blood-Borne Pathogens 1168 John G. Bartlett Antifungal Therapy in the Surgical Patient 1174 Joseph S. Solomkin Chapter 18: SURGICAL CRITICAL CARE Surgical Palliative Care 1179 Geoffrey P. Dunn Analgesia and Sedation in Critical Care Medicine 1187 Brad Winters Cardiovascular Pharmacology 1191 Paul R. Crisostomo, Daniel R. Meldrum, and Alden H. Harken Postoperative Respiratory Failure 1196 Pedro Alejandro Mendez-Tellez and Todd Dorman Acute Renal Failure 1201 Richard J. Mullins Electrolyte Disorders 1206 Brett Waibel and Anthony Meyer Acid-Base Problems 1214 Kristen C. Sihler and Ronald V. Maier The Septic Response 1220 Badar U. Jan and Stephen F. Lowry Antibiotics for Critically Ill Patients 1224 John M.A. Bohnen Endocrine Changes with Critical Illness 1228 Frank Rosemeier and Sean Berenholtz Nutritional Support in the Critically Ill 1234 William B. Norbury, Esther Situ, and David N. Herndon Coagulopathy in the Critically Ill Patient 1245 Michael B. Streiff Extracorporeal Life Support for Respiratory Failure 1258 Jonathan Haft and Robert Bartlett Multiple Organ Dysfunction and Failure 1260 Lena M. Napolitano Chapter 19: MINIMALLY INVASIVE SURGERY Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy 1271 Kimberly Steele and Anne Lidor Laparoscopic Common Bile Duct Exploration 1276 John D. Mellinger and Bruce V. MacFadyen Laparoscopic Appendectomy 1282 Avraham Belizon, Daniel L. Feingold, and Richard L. Whelan Laparoscopic Inguinal Hernia 1285 Jonathan Pearl, Michael Rosen, and Raymond P. Onders Laparoscopic Repair of Recurrent Inguinal Hernias 1288 Robert Fang and Thomas Vargish Laparoscopic Ventral and Incision Hernia Repair 1292 Adrian Park and Stephen M. Kavic Laparoscopic Gastric Surgery 1296 B. Todd Heniford Laparoscopic Colon Surgery 1302 Deborah Nagle Laparoscopic Management of Crohn's Disease 1309 Thomas E. Read Laparoscopic Nissen Fundoplication 1312 David Hazzan, Edward H. Chin, and Barry A. Salky Laparoscopic Repair of Paraesophageal Hernias 1317 Sarah M. Cowgill and Alexander S. Rosemurgy, II Laparoscopic Treatment of Esophageal Motility Disorders 1322 Robert W. O'Rourke and Blair A. Jobe Esophageal Achalasia 1329 Colleen B. Gaughan and Jeffrey A. Hagen Minimally Invasive Esophagectomy 1336 Lee L. Swanstrom and Christy Dunst Laparoscopic Hepatectomy 1340 Edward C.S. Lai Laparoscopic Splenectomy 1344 David Maccabee and John G. Hunter Laparoscopic Pancreatic Resections 1348 Attila Nakeeb Laparoscopic Management of Pancreatic Pseudocysts 1353 Swee H. Teh and Brett C. Sheppard Video-Assisted Thoracic Surgery 1358 Sunil Singhal and Larry R. Kaiser Laparoscopic Adrenalectomy 1367 Vimal K. Narula and W. Scott Melvin Laparoscopic Surgery for Morbid Obesity 1372 Michael Schweitzer and Thomas Magnuson INDEX 1375