Effect of surgical menopause among women

Lower serum estrogen level was found in surgical menopausal women than that of natural menopausal women. The women who were younger at the time of surgical menopause have a more rapid rate of cognitive decline and type of menopause was significantly associated with cognitive function than women who were older at the time of surgery or women who undergone natural menopause. Earlier age at surgical menopause was associated with decline in episodic memory, semantic memory, and verbal fluency. Bone mineral density (BMD) such as spinal and femoral neck was significantly lower in surgical menopausal women. Fear, feeling of absurdity created by the lack of womb and afraid of sexual relationship and experiencing previous problems like pain or bleeding were the main problems of sexual relationship in women who experienced hysterectomy. Surgical menopausal women with low sexual desire and suffering from pain with depression expressed dissatisfaction with their sex life and limited social function. Hormone therapy reduces climacteric symptoms, education and counseling improves the sexual function and spousal support.