Essential Biochemistry for Medicine

Preface.
1 Nutritional requirements.
1.1 Carbohydrates and sugars.
1.2 Glycogen.
1.3 Glycaemic index.
1.4 Lipids.
1.5 Proteins and amino acids.
1.6 Biological value.
1.7 Other energy sources.
1.8 Vitamins.
1.9 Minerals.
2 Metabolism and energy.
2.1 A metabolic strategy.
2.2 Carbohydrate metabolism (catabolic).
2.3 Glycolysis.
2.4 Tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA cycle - Krebs cycle - citric acid cycle).
2.5 Oxidative phosphorylation.
2.6 Brown adipose tissue and heat generation.
2.7 Glycogenolysis.
2.8 Carbohydrate metabolism (anabolic).
2.9 Gluconeogenesis.
2.10 Glycogenesis.
2.11 Fatty acid catabolism.
2.12 Amino acid catabolism.
2.13 Blood glucose homeostasis.
2.14 Glucokinase and hexokinase.
2.15 Glucose transporters.
2.16 Diabetes mellitus.
2.17 Type 1 diabetes.
2.18 Type 2 diabetes.
2.19 Insulin/Glucagon effects on metabolism.
2.20 Hyperglycaemia and associated pathology.
2.21 Glycation.
2.22 The polyol pathway.
3 Regulating body weight.
3.1 Obesity.
3.2 Weight regulation.
3.3Controlling food intake.
3.4 Pre-gastric factors.
3.5 Gastrointestinal and post-absorptive factors.
3.6 Enteric nervous system.
3.7 The central nervous system.
3.8 Long-term control.
3.9 CNS factors.
3.10 Lifestyle changes.
3.11 The basics of dieting.
3.12 Medical and surgical treatment.
4 Digestion and absorption.
4.1 The gastrointestinal tract.
4.2 Gastric acid production.
4.3 Proton pump inhibitors.
4.4 Helicobacter pylori.
4.5 The small intestine.
4.6 The gastrointestinal barrier.
4.7 Paneth cells.
4.8 The enteric endocrine system.
4.9 The pancreas.
4.10 Absorption in the small intestine: general principles.
4.11 Crossing the gastrointestinal barrier.
4.12 Absorption and secretion of water and electrolytes.
4.13 Pathophysiology of diarrhea.
4.14 Rehydration therapy.
4.15 Absorption of sugars and amino acids.
4.16 Absorption of amino acids and peptides.
4.17 Absorption of lipids.
4.18 Absorption of minerals and metals.
4.19