UNI-MED Science / Femtosecond Laser

1. Introduction and historical overview 181.1. Some milestones in the development of femtosecond lasers and their applications 181.2. References 192. Physical principles of the generation and amplification of ultrashort laser pulses 222.1. Laser process and laser resonator 222.2. Bandwidth of laser radiation 222.3. Laser resonator 222.4. Mode synchronisation (mode-locking) 232.5. Amplification of fs pulses 242.6. References 263. Femtosecond lasers in ophthalmology: laser-tissue interaction, multiphoton imaging, biomechanical modelling 283.1. Introduction 283.2. Laser-tissue interaction 283.3. Multiphoton imaging 303.4. Biomechanical modelling 343.5. Conclusions and outlook 363.6. References 374. Clinical application 404.1. Intrastromal femtosecond laser incisions 404.1.1. Introduction 404.1.2. Implantation of ICRS and effects on keratoconus 404.1.3. Mechanical tunnel incisions and implantation of ICRS 404.1.4. Femtosecond laser-controlled tunnel incisions before ICRS implantation 414.1.5. Application 414.1.6. Surgery 424.1.7. Case report: Ex- and reimplantation of ICRS in keratoconus with fs laser support 444.1.8. Long-term postoperative results 454.1.9. Summary 464.1.10. References 464.2. Perforating keratoplasties with the femtosecond laser 474.2.1. Introduction 474.2.2. High degree of flexibility in the pKPL using the femtosecond laser 474.2.3. Application 484.2.4. Surgery 504.2.5. Results 504.2.6. Case reports 514.2.7. Summary 534.2.8. References 534.3. Penetrating keratoplasty using the TECHNOLAS femtosecond laser: The Heidelberg Experience 544.3.1. Introduction 544.3.2. Studies on penetrating keratoplasty with the TECHNOLAS fs laser 544.3.2.1. Clinical experiences 544.3.2.2. Histopathology of corneal buttons 564.3.2.3. Postoperative endothelial cell count 574.3.3. Results of penetrating keratoplasty by different fs laser cut designs 584.3.4. References 594.4. Anterior lamellar keratoplasties with the femtosecond laser 604.4.1. Introduction 604.4.2. Application