Fiber Optic Communications
Fundamentals and Applications
(Sprache: Englisch)
Fiber-optic communication systems have advanced dramatically over the last four decades, since the era of copper cables, resulting in low-cost and high-bandwidth transmission. Fiber optics is now the backbone of the internet and long-distance...
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Klappentext zu „Fiber Optic Communications “
Fiber-optic communication systems have advanced dramatically over the last four decades, since the era of copper cables, resulting in low-cost and high-bandwidth transmission. Fiber optics is now the backbone of the internet and long-distance telecommunication. Without it we would not enjoy the benefits of high-speed internet, or low-rate international telephone calls.This book introduces the basic concepts of fiber-optic communication in a pedagogical way. The important mathematical results are derived by first principles rather than citing research articles. In addition, physical interpretations and real-world analogies are provided to help students grasp the fundamental concepts.
Key Features:
* Lucid explanation of key topics such as fibers, lasers, and photodetectors.
* Includes recent developments such as coherent communication and digital signal processing.
* Comprehensive treatment of fiber nonlinear transmission.
* Worked examples, exercises, and answers.
* Accompanying website with PowerPoint slides and numerical experiments in MATLAB.
Intended primarily for senior undergraduates and graduates studying fiber-optic communications, the book is also suitable as a professional resource for researchers working in the field of fiber-optic communications.
Inhaltsverzeichnis zu „Fiber Optic Communications “
Preface xvAcknowledgments xvii
1 Electromagnetics and Optics 1
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Coulomb's Law and Electric Field Intensity 1
1.3 Ampere's Law and Magnetic Field Intensity 3
1.4 Faraday's Law 6
1.4.1 Meaning of Curl 7
1.4.2 Ampere's Law in Differential Form 9
1.5 Maxwell's Equations 9
1.5.1 Maxwell's Equation in a Source-Free Region 10
1.5.2 Electromagnetic Wave 10
1.5.3 Free-Space Propagation 11
1.5.4 Propagation in a Dielectric Medium 12
1.6 1-Dimensional Wave Equation 12
1.6.1 1-Dimensional Plane Wave 15
1.6.2 Complex Notation 16
1.7 Power Flow and Poynting Vector 17
1.8 3-Dimensional Wave Equation 19
1.9 Reflection and Refraction 21
1.9.1 Refraction 22
1.10 Phase Velocity and Group Velocity 26
1.11 Polarization of Light 31
Exercises 31
Further Reading 34
References 34
2 Optical Fiber Transmission 35
2.1 Introduction 35
2.2 Fiber Structure 35
2.3 Ray Propagation in Fibers 36
2.3.1 Numerical Aperture 37
2.3.2 Multi-Mode and Single-Mode Fibers 39
2.3.3 Dispersion in Multi-Mode Fibers 39
2.3.4 Graded-Index Multi-Mode Fibers 42
2.4 Modes of a Step-Index Optical Fiber* 44
2.4.1 Guided Modes 46
2.4.2 Mode Cutoff 51
2.4.3 Effective Index 52
2.4.4 2-Dimensional Planar Waveguide Analogy 53
2.4.5 Radiation Modes 54
2.4.6 Excitation of Guided Modes 55
2.5 Pulse Propagation in Single-Mode Fibers 57
2.5.1 Power and the dBm Unit 60
2.6 Comparison between Multi-Mode and Single-Mode Fibers 68
2.7 Single-Mode Fiber Design Considerations 68
2.7.1 Cutoff Wavelength 68
2.7.2 Fiber Loss 69
2.7.3 Fiber Dispersion 74
2.7.4 Dispersion Slope
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76
2.7.5 Polarization Mode Dispersion 78
2.7.6 Spot Size 79
2.8 Dispersion-Compensating Fibers (DCFs) 79
2.9 Additional Examples 81
Exercises 89
Further Reading 91
References 91
3 Lasers 93
3.1 Introduction 93
3.2 Basic Concepts 93
3.3 Conditions for Laser Oscillations 101
3.4 Laser Examples 108
3.4.1 Ruby Laser 108
3.4.2 Semiconductor Lasers 108
3.5 Wave-Particle Duality 108
3.6 Laser Rate Equations 110
3.7 Review of Semiconductor Physics 113
3.7.1 The PN Junctions 118
3.7.2 Spontaneous and Stimulated Emission at the PN Junction 120
3.7.3 Direct and Indirect Band-Gap Semiconductors 120
3.8 Semiconductor Laser Diode 124
3.8.1 Heterojunction Lasers 124
3.8.2 Radiative and Non-Radiative Recombination 126
3.8.3 Laser Rate Equations 126
3.8.4 Steady-State Solutions of Rate Equations 128
3.8.5 Distributed-Feedback Lasers 132
3.9 Additional Examples 133
Exercises 136
Further Reading 138
References 138
4 Optical Modulators and Modulation Schemes 139
4.1 Introduction 139
4.2 Line Coder 139
4.3 Pulse Shaping 139
4.4 Power Spectral Density 141
4.4.1 Polar Signals 142
4.4.2 Unipolar Signals 142
4.5 Digital Modulation Schemes 144
4.5.1 Amplitude-Shift Keying 144
4.5.2 Phase-Shift Keying 144
4.5.3 Frequency-Shift Keying 145
4.5.4 Differential Phase-Shift Keying 146
2.7.5 Polarization Mode Dispersion 78
2.7.6 Spot Size 79
2.8 Dispersion-Compensating Fibers (DCFs) 79
2.9 Additional Examples 81
Exercises 89
Further Reading 91
References 91
3 Lasers 93
3.1 Introduction 93
3.2 Basic Concepts 93
3.3 Conditions for Laser Oscillations 101
3.4 Laser Examples 108
3.4.1 Ruby Laser 108
3.4.2 Semiconductor Lasers 108
3.5 Wave-Particle Duality 108
3.6 Laser Rate Equations 110
3.7 Review of Semiconductor Physics 113
3.7.1 The PN Junctions 118
3.7.2 Spontaneous and Stimulated Emission at the PN Junction 120
3.7.3 Direct and Indirect Band-Gap Semiconductors 120
3.8 Semiconductor Laser Diode 124
3.8.1 Heterojunction Lasers 124
3.8.2 Radiative and Non-Radiative Recombination 126
3.8.3 Laser Rate Equations 126
3.8.4 Steady-State Solutions of Rate Equations 128
3.8.5 Distributed-Feedback Lasers 132
3.9 Additional Examples 133
Exercises 136
Further Reading 138
References 138
4 Optical Modulators and Modulation Schemes 139
4.1 Introduction 139
4.2 Line Coder 139
4.3 Pulse Shaping 139
4.4 Power Spectral Density 141
4.4.1 Polar Signals 142
4.4.2 Unipolar Signals 142
4.5 Digital Modulation Schemes 144
4.5.1 Amplitude-Shift Keying 144
4.5.2 Phase-Shift Keying 144
4.5.3 Frequency-Shift Keying 145
4.5.4 Differential Phase-Shift Keying 146
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Autoren-Porträt von Shiva Kumar, M. Jamal Deen
Shiva Kumar, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McMaster University, CanadaM. Jamal Deen, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McMaster University, Canada
Bibliographische Angaben
- Autoren: Shiva Kumar , M. Jamal Deen
- 2014, 1. Auflage, 572 Seiten, Maße: 19,3 x 24,9 cm, Gebunden, Englisch
- Verlag: Wiley & Sons
- ISBN-10: 0470518677
- ISBN-13: 9780470518670
- Erscheinungsdatum: 12.05.2014
Sprache:
Englisch
Pressezitat
"The detailed, worked examples and first-principles derivations of key results are helpful pedagogical features. Students seeking their first exposure to this field who also wish to learn about advanced topics will find their requirements met by this book." (Optics and Photonics News, 28 August 2014)
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