Financing the Future: Market-Based Innovations for Growth

Acknowledgments vi About the Authors ix About Milken Institute xi Chapter 1 The Evolution of Finance 1 Chapter 2 A Framework for Financial Innovation: Managing Capital Structure 27 Chapter 3 Innovations in Business Finance 51 Chapter 4 Innovations in Housing Finance 85 Chapter 5 Environmental Finance: Innovating to Save the Planet 117 Chapter 6 Financing the Developing World 149 Chapter 7 Financing Cures 185 Chapter 8 Six Cardinal Rules of Financial Innovation 215 Appendix The Black-Scholes Formula 225 Index 227

Franklin Allen is the Nippon Life Professor of Finance and Professor of Economics at the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania, where he has been on the faculty since 1980. A current codirector of the Wharton Financial Institutions Center, he was formerly vice dean and director of Wharton Doctoral Programs, as well as executive editor of the Review of Financial Studies, one of the nation's leading academic finance journals. Allen is a past president of the American Finance Association, the Western Finance Association, the Society for Financial Studies, and the Financial Intermediation Research Society. His main areas of interest are corporate finance, asset pricing, financial innovation, comparative financial systems, and financial crises. He is a coauthor, with Richard Brealey and Stewart Myers, of the eighth and ninth editions of the textbook Principles of Corporate Finance. Allen received his doctorate from Oxford University. Glenn Yago is director of Capital Studies at the Milken Institute. He is also a visiting professor at Hebrew University of Jerusalem and directs the Koret-Milken Institute Fellows program. Yago's work focuses on the innovative use of financial instruments to solve longstanding economic development, social, and environmental challenges. His research and projects have contributed to policy innovations fostering the democratization of capital to traditionally underserved markets and entrepreneurs in the United States and around the world. Yago is the coauthor of several books, including The Rise and Fall of the U.S. Mortgage and Credit Markets, Global Edge, Restructuring Regulation and Financial Institutions, and Beyond Junk Bonds. He was a professor at the State University of New York at Stony Brook and at the City University of New York Graduate Center. Yago earned his Ph.D. at the University of Wisconsin, Madison.