Finite Element Analysis: Theory and Application with Ansys

Elements 351 7.1 Rectangular Elements 351 7.2 Quadratic Quadrilateral Elements 355 7.3 Linear Triangular Elements 360 7.4 Quadratic Triangular Elements 365 7.5 Axisymmetric Elements 369 7.6 Isoparametric Elements 374 7.7 Two- Dimensional Integrals: Gauss-Legendre Quadrature 377 7.8 Examples of Two- Dimensional Elements in ANSYS 378 Summary 379 References 379 Problems 380 8 More Ansys 387 8.1 ANSYS Program 387 8.2 ANSYS Database and Files 388 8.3 Creating a Finite Element Model with ANSYS: Preprocessing 390 8.4 h- Method Versus p- Method 404 8.5 Applying Boundary Conditions, Loads, and the Solution 404 8.6 Results of Your Finite Element Model: Postprocessing 407 8.7 Selection Options 412 8.8 Graphics Capabilities 413 8.9 Error- Estimation Procedures 415 8.10 An Example Problem 417 Summary 431 References 432 9 Analysis of Two- Dimensional Heat Transfer Problems 433 9.1 General Conduction Problems 433 9.2 Formulation with Rectangular Elements 440 9.3 Formulation with Triangular Elements 451 9.4 Axisymmetric Formulation of Three- Dimensional Problems 470 9.5 Unsteady Heat Transfer 477 9.6 Conduction Elements used by ANSYS 487 9.7 Examples Using ANSYS 488 9.8 Verification of Results 528 Summary 528 References 530 Problems 530 10 Analysis of Two- Dimensional Solid Mechanics Problems 542 10.1 Torsion of Members with Arbitrary Cross- Section Shape 542 10.2 Plane- Stress Formulation 558 10.3 Isoparametric Formulation: Using a Quadrilateral Element 566 10.4 Axisymmetric Formulation 573 10.5 Basic Failure Theories 575 10.6 Examples Using ANSYS 576 10.7 Verification of Results 598 Summary 598 References 600 Problems 600 11 Dynamic Problems 609 11.1 Review of Dynamics 609 11.2 Review of Vibration of Mechanical and Structural Systems 623 11.3 Lagrange's Equations 640 11.4 Finite Element Formulation of Axial Members 642 11.5 Finite Element Formulation of Beams and Frames 651 11.6 Examples Using ANSYS 665 Summary 684 References 684 Problems 684 12 Analysis of Fluid Mechanics Problems 691 12.1 Direct Formulation of Flow Through Pipes 691 12.2 Ideal Fluid Flow 703 12.3 Groundwater Flow 709 12.4 Examples Using ANSYS 712 12.5 Verification of Results 733 Summary 734 References 735 Problems 736 13 Three- Dimensional Elements 741 13.1 The Four- Node Tetrahedral Element 741 13.2 Analysis of Three- Dimensional Solid Problems Using Four- Node 13.3 The Eight- Node Brick Element 749 13.4 The Ten- Node Tetrahedral Element 751 13.5 The Twenty- Node Brick Element 752 13.6 Examples of Three- Dimensional Elements in ANSYS 754 13.7 Basic Solid- Modeling Ideas 758 13.8 A Thermal Example Using ANSYS 769 13.9 A Structural Example Using ANSYS 786 Summary 799 References 799 Problems 799 Tetrahedral Elements 744 14 Design and Material Selection 808 14.1 Engineering Design Process 809 14.2 Material Selection 812 14.3 Electrical, Mechanical, and Thermophysical Properties of Materials 813 14.4 Common Solid Engineering Materials 815 14.5 Some Common Fluid Materials 822 Summary 824 References 824 Problems 824 15 Design Optimization 826 15.1 Introduction to Design Optimization 826 15.2 The Parametric Design Language of ANSYS 830 15.3 Examples of Batch Files 832 Summary 843 References 844 Problems 844 Appendix A mechanical Properties of some materials 845 Appendix B thermophysical Properties of some materials 848 Appendix C Properties of Common line and Area shapes 849 Appendix D Geometrical Properties of structural steel shapes 852 Appendix e Conversion Factors 856 Appendix F An introduction to mAtlAB 858 index 893