Forest Canopies

SECTION I: Structures of Forest Canopies Chapter 1: The Nature of Forest Canopies Side Bar: Verticality and Habitat Analysis: MacArthur and Wilson"s Biogeography Theory Revisited Side Bar: Empty Space: Another View of Forest Canopy Structure Chapter 2: Tropical Microclimate Considerations Chapter 3: Quantifying and Visualizing Canopy Structure in Tall Forests: Methods and a Case Study Side Bar: "Canopy Trekking": A Ground-Independent, Rope-Based Method for Horizontal Movement Chapter 4: Vertical Organization of Canopy Biota Side Bar: Macaws: Dispersers in a Tropical Habitat Side Bar: Vertical Stratification Among Neotropical Migrants Chapter 5: Age-Related Development of Canopy Structure and Its Ecological Functions Side Bar: Measuring Canopy Structure: The Forest Canopy Database Project Chapter 6: A History of Tree Canopies Side Bar: The Evolution of Rain Forest Animals Side Bar: The Botanical Ghosts of EvolutionSECTION II: Organisms in Forest Canopies Chapter 7: What Is Canopy Biology? A Microbial Perspective Side Bar: Arboreal Stromatolites: A 230 Million Year Old Record Chapter 8: Lichens and Bryophytes in Forest Canopies Chapter 9: Vascular Epiphytes Side Bar: Orchid Adaptations to an Epiphytic Lifestyle Side Bar: Tank Bromeliads-Faunal Ecology Side Bar: Strangler Fig Trees: Demons or Heroes of the Canopy? Chapter 10: Mistletoes: A Unique Constituent of Canopies Worldwide Chapter 11: Hidden in Plain Sight: Mites in the Canopy Chapter 12: Soil Microarthopods: Belowground Fauna that Sustain Forest Systems Chapter 13: Tardigrades: Bears of the Canopy Side Bar: Rotifers in the Water Film Chapter 14: The Biodiversity Question: How Many Species of Terrestrial Arthropods Are There? Side Bar: Insect Zoos as Windows into Forest Canopies Chapter 15: Physical Transport, Heterogeneity, and Interactions Involving Canopy Anoles Side Bar: The Color of Poison: Flamboyant Frogs in the Rain Forest Canopy Chapter 16: Ecology and Conservation of Canopy Mammals Side Bar: Vertical

Biographical Sketch MARGARET DALZELL LOWMAN Chief Scientist, TREE Foundation In October 1999, Meg Lowman became the Chief Executive Officer of Selby Botanical Gardens, an institution that specializes in tropical plants, especially epiphytes. Under her leadership, the Gardens expanded membership by 45% and fund-raising by over 100%. For eight years prior, she had been the Director of Research and Conservation there, overseeing a staff of scientists and educators. Her expertise involves canopy ecology, particularly plant-insect relationships, and spans over 25 years in Australia, Peru, Africa, the Americas, and the South Pacific. She has authored over 80 peer-reviewed publications and three books. After eleven years of service, she resigned from Selby Gardens to devote more time to her passions for public science, pursuing research, education and conservation with TREE Foundation. Prior to joining Selby, Meg was an assistant professor in Biology and Environmental Studies at Williams College, Massachusetts where she pioneered several aspects of temperate forest canopy research and built the first canopy walkway in North America. From 1978-89, she lived in Australia and worked on canopy processes in both rain forests and dry sclerophyll forests. She was instrumental in determining the causes of the eucalypt dieback syndrome that destroyed millions of trees in rural Australia, and assisted with conservation programs for tree regeneration. She is also involved in long-term studies of rain forest regeneration. Meg has developed an expertise for the use of different canopy access techniques, including ropes, walkways, hot air balloons, construction cranes, and combinations of these methods. She frequently speaks about her jungle adventures and about rain forest conservation to educational groups, ranging from elementary classes to corporate executives to international conferences. She continues to travel worldwide to "map" the canopy for biodiversity, H. Bruce Rinker