Heqanakht Papyri

High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! The Heqanakht Papyri or Heqanakht Letters (also spelled Hekanakht), written around 2,000 BCE, have been placed in historical context since 1954, per Cerny, Jareslav (1954). "Prices and Wages in Egypt in the Ramesside Period." Journal of World History, 1, 903 21. Cerny wrote for the Egyptology and Economic history communities by referencing land owners' use of well defined monetary units for hundreds of years. In 2002, Mahmoud Ezzamel, writing from an ancient economic and accounting point of view, commented on 'observed versus expected' aspects of commodity monetary units by concluding: "Moreover, even when dealing with concrete, visible commodities, such as grain, the intervention of accounting sharpened this visibility by converting the concrete into an abstract theoretical value via the use of 'monies of account' to attain a measure of economic and social reciprocity". Ezzamel's analysis re-constructed the accounts mentioned in the texts as a modern auditor, finding consistent numerical threads that defined a money system that fairly paid workers, less during flood (inundation) years.