Hydrocarbon Chemistry

Volume 1
 
Preface to the Third Edition xiii
 
Preface to the Second Edition xv
 
Preface to the First Edition xvii
 
Introduction xix
 
Introduction and General Aspects 1
 
1.1 Hydrocarbons and Their Classes 1
 
1.2 Energy-Hydrocarbon Relationships 2
 
1.3 Hydrocarbon Sources 4
 
Extraterrestrial Hydrocarbons 15
 
1.4 Hydrocarbon Production from Natural Sources 16
 
1.5 Hydrocarbon Synthesis 20
 
1.6 Nonrenewable and Renewable Hydrocarbons 27
 
1.7 Regenerative Hydrocarbons from CO2 Emission Capture and Recycling 29
 
1.8 Hydrocarbon Functionalization Reactions 30
 
1.9 Use of Hydrocarbons, Petroleum Oil 35
 
1.9.1 Energy Generation, Storage, and Delivery: Heating 36
 
1.9.2 Transportation Fuels 36
 
1.9.3 Chemical Products, Plastics, and Pharmaceuticals 38
 
References 38
 
Hydrocarbons from Petroleum and Natural Gas 49
 
2.1 Cracking 49
 
2.2 Reforming 62
 
Hydroforming 64
 
Metal-Catalyzed Reforming 65
 
2.3 Dehydrogenation with Olefin Production 71
 
Heterogeneous Catalysts 73
 
Homogeneous Catalysts 78
 
C2-C3 Alkenes 85
 
C4 Alkenes 86
 
Buta-1,3-diene and Isoprene 87
 
Higher Olefins 88
 
Styrene 88
 
2.4 Upgrading of Natural-Gas Liquids 89
 
2.5 Aromatics Production 89
 
References 102
 
Synthesis from C Sources 125
 
3.1 Aspects of C1 Chemistry 126
 
3.2 Chemical Reduction to Methanol and Oxygenates; Recycling of CO2 127
 
Heterogeneous Hydrogenation 129
 
Homogeneous Hydrogenation 137
 
Ionic Reduction 143
 
Electrochemical and Electrocatalytic Reduction 143
 
Photoreduction 146
 
Enzymatic Reduction 148
 
3.3 Fischer-Tropsch Chemistry 149
 
3.4 Oxygenation of Methane 166
 
Methanol Synthesis 166
 
3.5 Oligocondensation of

GEORGE A. OLAH, PhD, was awarded the undivided 1994 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. He was a Distinguished Professor of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science; Donald P. and Katherine B. Loker Chair in Organic Chemistry; and Founding Director of the Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute at the University of Southern California, Los Angeles. He passed away on March 8, 2017.
 
ÁRPÁD MOLNÁR, DSc, is an Emeritus Professor at the University of Szeged, Hungary, and a Senior Fellow of the Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute at the University of Southern California.
 
G. K. SURYA PRAKASH, PhD, is the George A. and Judith A. Olah Nobel Laureate Chair Professor and the Director of the Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute at the University of Southern California.