Interpretation of Organic Spectra
(Sprache: Englisch)
Although there are a number of books in this field, most of them lack an introduction of comprehensive analysis of MS and IR spectra, and others do not provide up-to-date information like tandem MS. This book fills the gap. The merit of this book is that...
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Klappentext zu „Interpretation of Organic Spectra “
Although there are a number of books in this field, most of them lack an introduction of comprehensive analysis of MS and IR spectra, and others do not provide up-to-date information like tandem MS. This book fills the gap. The merit of this book is that the author will not only introduce knowledge for analyzing nuclear magnetic resonance spectra including 1 H spectra (Chapter 1), 13 C spectra (Chapter 2) and 2D NMR spectra (Chapter 3), he also arms readers systemically with knowledge of Mass spectra (including EI MS spectra and MS spectra by using soft ionizations) (Chapter 4) and IR spectra (Chapter 5). In each chapter the author presents very practical application skills by providing various challenging examples. The last chapter (Chapter 6) provides the strategy, skills and methods on how to identify an unknown compound through a combination of spectra. Based on nearly 40 years researching and teaching experience, the author also proposes some original and creative ideas, which are very practical for spectral interpretation.
Inhaltsverzeichnis zu „Interpretation of Organic Spectra “
Foreword ixPreface xi
1 Interpretation of 1H NMR spectra 1
1.1 Chemical shift 3
1.1.1 Conception of chemical shift 3
1.1.2 Factors affecting chemical shifts 3
1.2 Coupling constant J 7
1.2.1 Coupling effect and coupling constant J 7
1.2.2 Discussion of coupling constants according to their kinds 8
1.3 Chemical equivalence and magnetic equivalence 11
1.3.1 Chemical equivalence 13
1.3.2 Magnetic equivalence 17
1.3.3 Classification of 1H spectra 18
1.4 Characteristics of the 1H spectra of some functional groups 19
1.4.1 Substituted phenyl ring 19
1.4.2 Substituted heteroaromatic ring 21
1.4.3 Normal long-chain alkyl group 21
1.4.4 Carbonyl compounds 21
1.4.5 Reactive hydrogen atom 22
1.4.6 Compounds containing fluorine or phosphor atoms 23
1.5 Interpretation of 1H NMR spectra 23
1.5.1 Find impurity peaks, pay attention to the solvent applied 24
1.5.2 Calculation of the unsaturation number of the unknown compound 24
1.5.3 Determination of the number of hydrogen atoms corresponding to every peak set in the 1H spectrum 25
1.5.4 Determination of functional groups of the unknown compound 26
1.5.5 Analysis of coupling splittings of peak sets 26
1.5.6 Combination of possible structural units 27
1.5.7 Assignment of the 1H spectrum according to the deduced structure 28
1.5.8 Checking of the deduced structure 28
1.6 Examples of 1H spectrum interpretation 29
Reference 38
2 Interpretation of 13C NMR spectra 39
2.1 Characteristics and advantages of the 13C NMR spectra 39
2.2 The main parameter of the 13C spectrum is the chemical shift 41
2.3 Chemical shift values of common functional groups and main factors affecting chemical shift values 42
2.3.1 Alkanes and their
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derivatives 43
2.3.2 Cycloalkanes and their derivatives 45
2.3.3 Alkylenes and their derivatives 45
2.3.4 Benzene and its derivatives 46
2.3.5 Carbonyl groups 47
2.4 Determination of the carbon atom orders 47
2.5 Steps for 13C NMR spectrum interpretation 48
2.5.1 Recognizing impurity peaks and identifying solvent peaks 49
2.5.2 Calculation of the unsaturation number of the unknown compound 50
2.5.3 Consideration of chemical shift values of peaks 50
2.5.4 Determination of carbon atom orders 51
2.5.5 Postulation of possible functional groups 51
3 Interpretation of 2D NMR spectra 53
3.1 General knowledge about 2D NMR spectra 53
3.2 Homonuclear shift correlation spectroscopy, COSY (H, H-COSY) 54
3.3 Heteronuclear shift correlation spectroscopy 68
3.4 Long-range heteronuclear shift correlation spectroscopy 75
3.5 NOESY and ROESY 79
3.6 Total correlation spectroscopy, TOCSY 84
References 85
4 Interpretation of mass spectra 87
4.1 Basic knowledge of organic mass spectrometry 87
4.1.1 Mass spectra 87
4.1.2 Ionization in organic mass spectrometry 87
4.1.3 Ion types in organic mass spectrometry 88
4.2 Isotopic ion clusters in mass spectra 89
4.3 Interpretation of EI MS 91
4.3.1 Determination of molecular ion peak 91
4.3.2 Interpretation of fragment ion peaks 93
4.3.3 Interpretation of rearrangement ion peaks 98
4.3.4 Complex cleavages of alicyclic compounds 100
4.3.5 Mass spectrum patterns of common functional groups 102
4.3.6 Interpret
2.3.2 Cycloalkanes and their derivatives 45
2.3.3 Alkylenes and their derivatives 45
2.3.4 Benzene and its derivatives 46
2.3.5 Carbonyl groups 47
2.4 Determination of the carbon atom orders 47
2.5 Steps for 13C NMR spectrum interpretation 48
2.5.1 Recognizing impurity peaks and identifying solvent peaks 49
2.5.2 Calculation of the unsaturation number of the unknown compound 50
2.5.3 Consideration of chemical shift values of peaks 50
2.5.4 Determination of carbon atom orders 51
2.5.5 Postulation of possible functional groups 51
3 Interpretation of 2D NMR spectra 53
3.1 General knowledge about 2D NMR spectra 53
3.2 Homonuclear shift correlation spectroscopy, COSY (H, H-COSY) 54
3.3 Heteronuclear shift correlation spectroscopy 68
3.4 Long-range heteronuclear shift correlation spectroscopy 75
3.5 NOESY and ROESY 79
3.6 Total correlation spectroscopy, TOCSY 84
References 85
4 Interpretation of mass spectra 87
4.1 Basic knowledge of organic mass spectrometry 87
4.1.1 Mass spectra 87
4.1.2 Ionization in organic mass spectrometry 87
4.1.3 Ion types in organic mass spectrometry 88
4.2 Isotopic ion clusters in mass spectra 89
4.3 Interpretation of EI MS 91
4.3.1 Determination of molecular ion peak 91
4.3.2 Interpretation of fragment ion peaks 93
4.3.3 Interpretation of rearrangement ion peaks 98
4.3.4 Complex cleavages of alicyclic compounds 100
4.3.5 Mass spectrum patterns of common functional groups 102
4.3.6 Interpret
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Autoren-Porträt von Yong-Cheng Ning
Yong-Cheng Ning studied at the Engineering-Physics Department of Tsinghua University, Beijing, China where after his graduation he worked as a faculty member. From 1971 to 1978 he researched structural identification of organic compounds at the Institute of Chemical Engineering in Shenyang. Between 1981 and 1984 Yong-Chen Ning participated in research in NMR, MS, X-ray diffraction and alkaloid laboratories of the Institute of Chemistry of Natural Substances in Paris. Since 1993 he has been a full professor at the Tsinghua University. Yong-Chen Ning's books have won several awards, including the prize for excellent teaching materials, and are part of China's standard curriculum. His book Structural Identification of Organic Compounds with Spectroscopic Techniques (Chinese) was awarded the second-class prize for 'Excellent Teaching Materials' in 1992 and "Excellent Textbook for Graduate Students" in 2003 by the Ministry of Education of China.
Bibliographische Angaben
- Autor: Yong-Cheng Ning
- 2011, 1. Auflage, 460 Seiten, Maße: 17,4 x 25,4 cm, Gebunden, Englisch
- Verlag: Wiley & Sons
- ISBN-10: 0470825162
- ISBN-13: 9780470825167
- Erscheinungsdatum: 15.06.2011
Sprache:
Englisch
Pressezitat
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