Jensen, J: User's Guide to Engineering

How Many Engineering Disciplines Exist? 4.3 Chemical Engineering 4.3.1 Technical areas 4.3.2 Applications 4.3.3 Curriculum 4.4 Civil Engineering 4.3.1 Technical areas 4.3.2 Applications 4.3.3 Curriculum 4.5 Electrical Engineering 4.5.1 Technical areas 4.5.2 Applications 4.5.3 Curriculum 4.6 Industrial Engineering 4.6.1 Technical areas 4.6.2 Applications 4.6.3 Curriculum 4.7 Mechanical Engineering 4.7.1 Technical areas 4.7.2 Applications 4.7.3 Curriculum 4.8 Major Engineering Subdisciplines 4.8.1 Introduction 4.8.2 Materials engineering 4.8.3 Aeronautical, astronautical, and aerospace engineering 4.8.4 Environmental engineering 4.8.5 Agricultural engineering 4.8.6 Biomedical engineering 4.9 How Do New Engineering Disciplines Evolve? 4.9.1 Introduction 4.9.2 Creation of new field by budding 4.9.3 Creation of new field by merging 4.10 Summary Summary of Key Ideas Problems Part II: Engineering Ethics Chapter 5: Introduction to Engineering Ethics 5.1 Introduction 5.2 What is Ethics? 5.3 Importance of Engineering Ethics 5.4 Approaches to Engineering Ethics 5.5 Summary Summary of Key Ideas Problems Chapter 6: Professional Ethics 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Academic Ethics 6.3 NSPE Code of Ethics 6.3.1 Introduction 6.3.2 Fundamental Canons 6.4 Other Engineering Code of Ethics 6.4.1 Additional Principles 6.4.2 Discrimination and Harassment 6.4.3 Continuing Education on Ethics 6.4.4 Ethics and Engineering Education 6.5 Examples of Engineering Ethics 6.5.1 Not Reporting Violations 6.5.2 Whistle-Blowing 6.6 Summary Summary of Key Ideas Problems Chapter 7: Beyond Professional Ethics 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Appropriate Technology 7.2.1 Introduction 7.2.2 Example 7.2.3 Appropriate Technology and Engineering 7.3 Environmental Ethics, Sustainability, and Industrial Ecology 7.3.1 Introduction 7.3.2 Sustainability 7.3.3 Industrial Ecology 7.4 Accessibility 7.5 Summary Summary of Key Ideas Problems Part III: Engineering Profession Chapter 8: Professional Life of Engineers 8.1 Introduction 8.2 What is a Profession? 8.3 Engineering as a Profession 8.3.1 Introduction 8.3.2 Judgment and Discretion in Engineering 8.3.3 Admission to the Profession 8.3.4 Self Policing 8.4 Summary Summary of Key Ideas Problems Chapter 9: Professional Life 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Professional Benefits 9.2.1 Introduction 9.2.2 Job Satisfaction 9.2.3 Variety of Career Oppertunities 9.2.4 Challenging Work 9.2.5 Intellectual Development 9.2.6 Potential to Benefit Society 9.2.7 Financial Security 9.2.8 Prestige 9.2.9 Professional Environment 9.2.10 Technological and Scientific Discovery 9.2.11 Creative Thinking 9.3 Professional Obligations 9.3.1 Introduction 9.3.2 Continuing Education 9.3.3 Giving Back to the Profession 9.4 Practical Issues 9.5 Summary Summary of Key Ideas Problems Chapter 10: Professional Registration 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Why Become a Professional Engineer? 10.3 The Registration Process 10.3.1 Overview 10.3.2 The Accredited Degree 10.3.3 Fundamentals of Engineering Examination 10.3.4 Experience 10.3.5 Principles and Practice Examination 10.4 After Registration 10.5 Summary Summary of Key Ideas Problems Part IV: Engineering Problem Solving Chapter 11: Introduction to Engineering Problem Solving and the Scientific Method 11.1 Introduction 11.1.1 Engineering problems 11.1.2 The art and science of engineering problem-solving 11.1.3 Engineering solution methods 11.2 Approaches to Engineering Problem Solving 11.2.1 Introduction 11.2.2 Scientific method 11.2.3 Engineering analysis method 11.2.4 Engineering design method 11.2.5 Need for innovation 11.3 Introduction to the Scientific Method 11.3.1 Introduction 11.3.2. Scientific problem-solving process 11.4 Problem Definition 11.4.1 Introduction 11.4.2 Inclusive and exclusive definitions 11.4.3 Disadvantages of definitions that are not specific 11.5 Formulate a Hypothesis 11.5.1 Introduction 11.5.2 Hypotheses as testable statements 11.6 Test the Hypothesis 11.6.1 Testing a hypothesis by experiment 11.6.2 Testing a hypothesis by analysis 11.7 Drawing Conclusions from Hypothesis Testing 11.7.1 Rejecting a hypothesis 11.7.2 Conditionally accepting a hypothesis 11.8 Examples of the Use of the Scientific Method 11.9 Summary Summary of Key Ideas Problems Chapter 12: Engineering Analysis Method 12.1 Introduction 12.1.1 Introduction to the engineering analysis method 12.1.2 Solving analysis problems 12.2 Gathering Data 12.2.1 Introduction 12.2.2 Data collection 12.3 Selecting the Analysis Method 12.3.1 Introduction 12.3.2 Selection of physical laws 12.3.3 Translation into mathematical expressions 12.4 Estimate the Solution 12.4.1 Introduction 12.4.2 Example 12.5 Solving the Problem 12.5.1 Solving mathematical expressions by isolating the unknown 12.5.2 "Golden Rule" of expression manipulation 12.5.3 Manipulating inequalities 12.5.4 Hints for manipulating equations 12.6 Check the Results 12.6.1 Introduction 12.6.2 Use logic to avoid Aphysical answers 12.6.3 Using logic to check expression manipulation 12.6.4 Using estimation to check solutions 12.6.5 Using units to check solutions 12.7 Units 12.7.1 Introduction 12.7.2 Dimensional analysis 12.7.3 Units and functions 12.7.4 Units conversion 12.8 An Example of the Engineering Analysis Method 12.9 Summary Summary of Key Ideas Problems Chapter 13: Engineering Design Method 13.1 Introduction 13.1.1 Introduction to engineering design 13.1.2 Solving design problems 13.2 Generating Multiple Solutions 13.2.1 Introduction 13.2.2 Brainstorming 13.2.3 Methods for generating new ideas 13.3 Analyzing Alternatives and Selecting a Solution 13.3.1 Analyzing alternatives 13.3.2 Selecting a solution 13.4 Implementing the Solution 13.5 Evaluating the Solution 13.6 Design Example 13.7 Design Parameters 13.7.1 Introduction 13.7.2 Example 13.7.3 Uses of design parameters 13.8 Innovations in Design 13.8.1 Introduction 13.8.2 Need for innovation 13.8.3 Design innovation by concurrent engineering 13.8.4 Design innovation by reengineering 13.8.5 Design innovation by reverse engineering 13.8.6 How to innovate 13.8.7 Translating failure into success through innovation 13.9 Summary Summary of Key Ideas Problems Part V: Engineering Problem-Solving Tools Chapter 14: Introduction to Engineering Problem-Solving Tools and Using Data 14.1 Introduction 14.1.1 Engineering problem-solving tools 14.1.2 Using data 14.2 Accuracy and Precision 14.2.1 Introduction 14.2.2 Accuracy 14.2.3 Precision 14.3 Rounding and Significant Digits 14.3.1 Introduction 14.3.2 Counting the number of significant digits 14.3.3 Exceptions to the rule: numbers with no decimal point and exact numbers 14.3.4 Reporting measurements 14.3.5 Rounding and calculations 14.4 Measures of Central Tendency 14.4.1 Introduction 14.4.2 Arithmetic mean 14.4.3 Median 14.4.4 Mode 14.4.5 Geometric mean 14.4.6 Harmonic mean 14.4.7 Quadratic mean 14.5 Measures of Variability 14.5.1 Introduction 14.5.2 Variance 14.5.3 Standard deviation 14.5.4 Relative standard deviation 14.5.5 Variability and data collection in engineering 14.6 Summary Summary of Key Ideas Problems Chapter 15: Engineering Models 15.1 Introduction 15.2 Why Use Models? 15.3 Types of Models 15.3.1 Introduction 15.3.2 Conceptual models 15.3.3 Physical models 15.3.4 Mathematical models 15.3.5 Other kinds of models 15.4 Using Models and Data to Answer Engineering Questions 15.4.1 Interplay of models and data 15.4.2 Potential errors 15.4.3 Model fits 15.4.4 Using calibrated models 15.4.5 Determining model fit 15.4.6 Are engineering models real? 15.5 Summary Summary of Key Ideas Problems Chapter 16: Computing Tools in Engineering 16.1 Introduction 16.2 Computer Hardware 16.2.1 Computer types 16.2.2 Microprocessors 16.2.3 Memory and mass storage 16.2.4 Input, output, and communication devices 16.3 General Computer Software 16.3.1 Introduction 16.3.2 Operating systems 16.3.3 Communications software 16.3.4 Spreadsheet software 16.4 Engineering and Science Specific Software 16.4.1 Introduction 16.4.2 Programming software 16.4.3 Trends in programming software 16.4.4 Symbolic math software 16.4.5 Computer-aided design 16.4.6 Discipline-specific software 16.5 The Internet 16.5.1 Introduction 16.5.2 Structure of the Internet 16.5.3 Uses of the Internet 16.6 Summary Summary of Key Ideas Problems Chapter 17: Feasibility and Project Management 17.1 Introduction 17.2 Technical Feasibility 17.3 Engineering Economics 17.3.1 Costs of engineering projects 17.3.2 Time value of money 17.3.3 Calculating the present and future value of money 17.3.4 Uniform series 17.3.5 Engineering economics calculations 17.4 Economic Feasibility 17.4.1 Introduction 17.4.2 Comparing alternatives 17.4.3 Example 17.5 Fiscal Feasibility 17.5.1 Introduction 17.5.2 Bonds 17.5.3 Example 17.6 Social, Political, and Environmental Feasibility 17.7 Project Management 17.7.1 Introduction 17.7.2 Project planning 17.7.3 Project scheduling 17.7.4 Critical path method 17.8 Summary Summary of Key Ideas Problems Part VI: Technical Communications Chapter 18: Introduction to Technical Communication 18.1 Introduction 18.2 Role of Technical Communication in Engineering 18.2.1 Technical communication as a professional skill 18.2.2 Technical communication and employment 18.3 Misconceptions About Technical Communication 18.3.1 Misconception #1: Technical communication is inherently boring 18.3.2 Misconception #2: Engineering communication is passive 18.3.3 Misconception #3: Technical communication is best left to non-engineering specialists 18.3.4 Misconception #4: Good technical communicators are born, not made 18.4 Critical First Steps 18.4.1 Presentation goals 18.4.2 Target audience 18.4.3 Constraints 18.5 Organization 18.5.1 Outlines 18.5.2 Signposting 18.6 Using Tables and Figures to Present Data 18.6.1 Use of tables and figures 18.6.2 Common characteristics of tables and figures 18.7 Tables 18.8 Figures 18.8.1 Scatter plots 18.8.2 Bar charts 18.8.3 Pie charts 18.9 Creativity in Technical Presentations 18.9.1 Creative conciseness 18.9.2 Thinking visually 18.10 Summary Summary of Key Ideas Problems Chapter 19: Written Technical Communications 19.1 Introduction 19.2 Overall Organization of Technical Documents 19.2.1 Introduction 19.2.2 General organization 19.2.3 Abstract 19.2.4 Introduction 19.2.5 Methods 19.2.6 Results and discussion 19.2.7 Conclusions and recommendations 19.2.8 References 19.2.9 Signposting in technical writing 19.3 Organizing Parts of Technical Documents 19.3.1 Paragraph organization 19.3.2 Sentence organization 19.3.3 Word choice 19.4 Grammar and Spelling 19.4.1 Subject-verb match 19.4.2 Voice 19.4.3 Tense 19.4.4 Pronouns 19.4.5 Adjectives and adverbs 19.4.6 Capitalization and punctuation 19.4.7 Spelling 19.4.8 Citation 19.4.9 Other problem areas 19.4.10 Proofreading 19.5 Types of Engineering Documents 19.5.1 Introduction 19.5.2 Reports 19.5.3 Letters 19.5.4 Memorandums 19.5.5 Email 19.6 Summary Summary of Key Ideas Problems Chapter 20: Oral Technical Communications 20.1 Introduction 20.2 Before the Talk: Organization 20.3 Before the Talk: Designing Visual Aids 20.3.1 Number of visual aids 20.3.2 Types of visual aids 20.3.3 Content of visual aids: word slides 20.3.4 Content of visual aids: data slides 20.3.5 Special notes about computer-based presentations 20.4 Before the Talk: Preparing to Present 20.4.1 Practicing oral presentations 20.4.2 Memory aids 20.5 During the Talk 20.5.1 Pre-talk activities 20.5.2 Group presentations 20.5.3 Nervousness 20.5.4 What to say 20.5.5 How to say it 20.6 After the Talk 20.7 Summary Summary of Key Ideas Problems Appendix A: Review of Physical Relationships A.1 Introduction A.2 Definitions A.2.1 Kinematic parameters A.2.2 Fundamental forces A.2.3 Other forces A.2.4 Energy, work, and power A.3 Decomposition by Vectors A.3.1 Position vectors A.3.2 Other vectors A.4 Conservation Laws A.5 Gradient-driven Processes