Medical Physiology

CONTENTS Section I INTRODUCTION 1 1 Foundations of Physiology 3 Section II PHYSIOLOGY OF CELLS AND MOLECULES 7 2 Functional Organization of the Cell 9 3 Signal Transduction 48 4 Regulation of Gene Expression 75 5 Transport of Solutes and Water 106 6 Electrophysiology of the Cell Membrane 147 7 Electrical Excitability and Action Potentials 179 8 Synaptic Transmission and the Neuromuscular Junction 212 9 Cellular Physiology of Skeletal, Cardiac, and Smooth Muscle 237 Section III THE NERVOUS SYSTEM 265 10 Organization of the Nervous System 267 11 The Neuronal Microenvironment 289 12 Physiology of Neurons 310 13 Synaptic Transmission in the Nervous System 323 14 The Autonomic Nervous System 351 15 Sensory Transduction 371 16 Circuits of the Central Nervous System 408 Section IV THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM 427 17 Organization of the Cardiovascular System 429 18 Blood 448 19 Arteries and Veins 467 20 The Microcirculation 482 21 Cardiac Electrophysiology and the Electrocardiogram 504 22 The Heart as a Pump 529 23 Regulation of Arterial Pressure and Cardiac Output 554 24 Special Circulations 577 25 Integrated Control of the Cardiovascular System 593 Section V THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM 611 26 Organization of the Respiratory System 613 27 Mechanics of Ventilation 630 28 Acid-Base Physiology 652 29 Transport of Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide in the Blood 672 30 Gas Exchange in the Lungs 685 31 Ventilation and Perfusion of the Lungs 700 32 Control of Ventilation 725 Section VI THE URINARY SYSTEM 747 33 Organization of the Urinary System 749 34 Glomerular Filtration and Renal Blood Flow 767 35 Transport of Sodium and Chloride 782 36 Transport of Urea, Glucose, Phosphate, Calcium, Magnesium, and Organic Solutes 797 37 Transport of Potassium 821 38 Urine Concentration and Dilution 835 39 Transport of Acids and Bases 851 40 Integration of Salt and Water Balance 866 Section VII THE GASTROINTESTINAL SYSTEM 881 41 Organization of the

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