Odom, W: Cisco CCENT/CCNA ICND1 100-101 Official Cert Guide

Leased Lines with LANs and Routers 57 Physical Details of Leased Lines 58 Leased Line Cabling 59 Building a WAN Link in a Lab 60 Data Link Details of Leased Lines 60 HDLC Basics 61 How Routers Use a WAN Data Link 62 Ethernet as a WAN Technology 63 Ethernet WANs that Create a Layer 2 Service 64 How Routers Route IP Packets Using Ethernet Emulation 65 Accessing the Internet 65 The Internet as a Large WAN 66 Internet Access (WAN) Links 67 Digital Subscriber Line 68 Cable Internet 69 Review Activities 71 Chapter 4 Fundamentals of IPv4 Addressing and Routing 74 Foundation Topics 75 Overview of Network Layer Functions 75 Network Layer Routing (Forwarding) Logic 75 Host Forwarding Logic: Send the Packet to the Default Router 76 R1 and R2's Logic: Routing Data Across the Network 77 R3's Logic: Delivering Data to the End Destination 77 How Network Layer Routing Uses LANs and WANs 77 IP Addressing and How Addressing Helps IP Routing 78 Routing Protocols 79 IPv4 Addressing 80 Rules for IP Addresses 80 Rules for Grouping IP Addresses 81 Class A, B, and C IP Networks 82 The Actual Class A, B, and C IP Networks 83 IP Subnetting 85 IPv4 Routing 87 IPv4 Host Routing 87 Router Forwarding Decisions and the IP Routing Table 87 A Summary of Router Forwarding Logic 87 A Detailed Routing Example 88 IPv4 Routing Protocols 89 Other Network Layer Features 91 Using Names and the Domain Name System 91 The Address Resolution Protocol 92 ICMP Echo and the ping Command 93 Review Activities 95 Chapter 5 Fundamentals of TCP/IP Transport and Applications 100 Foundation Topics 101 TCP/IP Layer 4 Protocols: TCP and UDP 101 Transmission Control Protocol 102 Multiplexing Using TCP Port Numbers 102 Popular TCP/IP Applications 105 Connection Establishment and Termination 106 User Datagram Protocol 107 TCP/IP Applications 107 QoS Needs and the Impact of TCP/IP Applications 107 Defining Interactive and Batch Applications 108 Real-Time Voice and Video Applications 108 The World Wide Web, HTTP, and SSL 109 Uniform Resource Locators 110 Finding the Web Server Using DNS 110 Transferring Files with HTTP 112 Review Activities 113 Part I Review 118 Part II Ethernet LANs and Switches 122 Chapter 6 Building Ethernet LANs with Switches 124 Foundation Topics 125 LAN Switching Concepts 125 Historical Progression: Hubs, Bridges, and Switches 125 Switching Logic 127 The Forward-Versus-Filter Decision 127 How Switches Learn MAC Addresses 128 Flooding Frames 129 Avoiding Loops Using Spanning Tree Protocol 130 Internal Processing on Cisco Switches 130 LAN Switching Summary 131 Design Choices in Ethernet LANs 132 Collision Domains, Broadcast Domains, and VLANs 132 Collision Domains 133 Broadcast Domains 133 The Impact of Collision and Broadcast Domains on LAN Design 134 Virtual LANs (VLAN) 135 Choosing Ethernet Technology for a Campus LAN 136 Campus Design Terminology 136 Ethernet LAN Media and Cable Lengths 138 Autonegotiation 139 Autonegotiation Results When Only One Node Uses Autonegotiation 140 Autonegotiation and LAN Hubs 141 Review Activities 143 Chapter 7 Installing and Operating Cisco LAN Switches 148 Foundation Topics 149 Accessing the Cisco Catalyst 2960 Switch CLI 149 Cisco Catalyst Switches and the 2960 Switch 149 Switch Status from LEDs 150 Accessing the Cisco IOS CLI 152 Cabling the Console Connection 152 Configuring the Terminal Emulator for the Console 153 Accessing the CLI with Telnet and SSH 154 Password Security for CLI Access 155 User and Enable (Privileged) Modes 156 CLI Help Features 157 The debug and show Commands 158 Configuring Cisco IOS Software 159 Configuration Submodes and Contexts 160 Storing Switch Configuration Files 162 Copying and Erasing Configuration Files 164 Initial Configuration (Setup Mode) 165 IOS Version and Other Reload Facts 166 Review Activities 169 Chapter 8 Configuring Ethernet Switching 174 Foundation Topics 175 Configuration of Features in Common with Routers 175 Securing the Switch CLI 175 Securing Access with Simple Passwords 175 Securing Access with Local Usernames and Passwords 178 Securing Access with External Authentication Servers 179 Configuring Secure Shell (SSH) 180 Encrypting and Hiding Passwords 182 Encrypting Passwords with the service password Command 182 Hiding the Enable Password 184 Hiding the Passwords for Local Usernames 185 Console and vty Settings 185 Banners 185 History Buffer Commands 187 The logging synchronous and exec-timeout Commands 187 LAN Switch Configuration and Operation 188 Enabling IP for Remote Access 188 Configuring IPv4 on a Switch 190 Verifying IPv4 on a Switch 191 Configuring Switch Interfaces 192 Port Security 193 Configuring Port Security 195 Verifying Port Security 197 Port Security Actions 198 Securing Unused Switch Interfaces 198 Review Activities 199 Chapter 9 Implementing Ethernet Virtual LANs 208 Foundation Topics 209 Virtual LAN Concepts 209 Creating Multiswitch VLANs Using Trunking 210 VLAN Tagging Concepts 211 The 802.1Q and ISL VLAN Trunking Protocols 212 Forwarding Data Between VLANs 213 Routing Packets Between VLANs with a Router 213 Routing Packets with a Layer 3 Switch 215 VLAN and VLAN Trunking Configuration and Verification 216 Creating VLANs and Assigning Access VLANs to an Interface 216 VLAN Configuration Example 1: Full VLAN Configuration 217 VLAN Configuration Example 2: Shorter VLAN Configuration 219 VLAN Trunking Protocol (VTP) 220 VLAN Trunking Configuration 221 Controlling Which VLANs Can Be Supported on a Trunk 225 Review Activities 228 Chapter 10 Troubleshooting Ethernet LANs 234 Foundation Topics 236 Perspectives on Network Verification and Troubleshooting 236 Preparing to Use an Organized Troubleshooting Process 236 Troubleshooting as Covered in This Book 238 Analyzing LAN Topology Using Cisco Discovery Protocol 239 Examining Information Learned by CDP 239 Examining the Status of the CDP Protocols 242 Analyzing Switch Interface Status 242 Interface Status Codes and Reasons for Nonworking States 243 Interface Speed and Duplex Issues 244 Common Layer 1 Problems on Working Interfaces 247 Predicting Where Switches Will Forward Frames 248 Predicting the Contents of the MAC Address Table 248 Analyzing the Forwarding Path 250 Port Security and Filtering 251 Analyzing VLANs and VLAN Trunks 252 Ensuring That the Right Access Interfaces Are in the Right VLANs 252 Access VLANs Not Being Defined 253 Access VLANs Being Disabled 253 Check the Allowed VLAN List on Both Ends of a Trunk 254 Mismatched Trunking Operational States 255 Review Activities 257 Part II Review 264 Part III IP Version 4 Addressing and Subnetting 268 Chapter 11 Perspectives on IPv4 Subnetting 270 Foundation Topics 271 Introduction to Subnetting 271 Subnetting Defined Through a Simple Example 271 Operational View Versus Design View of Subnetting 272 Analyze Subnetting and Addressing Needs 273 Rules About Which Hosts Are in Which Subnet 273 Determining the Number of Subnets 274 Determining the Number of Hosts per Subnet 275 One Size Subnet Fits All-Or Not 276 Defining the Size of a Subnet 276 One Size Subnet Fits All 277 Multiple Subnet Sizes (Variable-Length Subnet Masks) 278 This Book: One Size Subnet Fits All (Mostly) 278 Make Design Choices 278 Choose a Classful Network 279 Public IP Networks 279 Growth Exhausts the Public IP Address Space 280 Private IP Networks 281 Choosing an IP Network During the Design Phase 281 Choose the Mask 282 Classful IP Networks Before Subnetting 282 Borrowing Host Bits to Create Subnet Bits 283 Choosing Enough Subnet and Host Bits 283 Example Design: 172.16.0.0, 200 Subnets, 200 Hosts 284 Masks and Mask Formats 285 Build a List of All Subnets 286 Plan the Implementation 287 Assigning Subnets to Different Locations 287 Choose Static and Dynamic Ranges per Subnet 288 Review Activities 290 Chapter 12 Analyzing Classful IPv4 Networks 294 Foundation Topics 295 Classful Network Concepts 295 IPv4 Network Classes and Related Facts 295 Actual Class A, B, and C Networks 296 Address Formats 296 Default Masks 297 Number of Hosts per Network 298 Deriving the Network ID and Related Numbers 298 Unusual Network IDs and Network Broadcast Addresses 300 Practice with Classful Networks 300 Practice Deriving Key Facts Based on an IP Address 301 Practice Remembering the Details of Address Classes 301 Additional Practice 302 Review Activities 303 Chapter 13 Analyzing Subnet Masks 308 Foundation Topics 309 Subnet Mask Conversion 309 Three Mask Formats 309 Converting Between Binary and Prefix Masks 310 Converting Between Binary and DDN Masks 310 Converting Between Prefix and DDN Masks 312 Practice Converting Subnet Masks 313 Identifying Subnet Design Choices Using Masks 314 Masks Divide the Subnet's Addresses into Two Parts 314 Masks and Class Divide Addresses into Three Parts 315 Classless and Classful Addressing 316 Calculations Based on the IPv4 Address Format 316 Practice Analyzing Subnet Masks 318 Review Activities 320 Chapter 14 Analyzing Existing Subnets 326 Foundation Topics 327 Defining a Subnet 327 An Example with Network 172.16.0.0 and Four Subnets 327 Subnet ID Concepts 328 Subnet Broadcast Address 329 Range of Usable Addresses 330 Analyzing Existing Subnets: Binary 330 Finding the Subnet ID: Binary 330 Finding the Subnet Broadcast Address: Binary 332 Binary Practice Problems 333 Shortcut for the Binary Process 334 Brief Note About Boolean Math 335 Finding the Range of Addresses 336 Analyzing Existing Subnets: Decimal 336 Analysis with Easy Masks 336 Predictability in the Interesting Octet 337 Finding the Subnet ID: Difficult Masks 338 Resident Subnet Example 1 338 Resident Subnet Example 2 339 Resident Subnet Practice Problems 340 Finding the Subnet Broadcast Address: Difficult Masks 340 Subnet Broadcast Example 1 340 Subnet Broadcast Example 2 341 Subnet Broadcast Address Practice Problems 341 Practice Analyzing Existing Subnets 342 A Choice: Memorize or Calculate 342 Additional Practice 342 Review Activities 343 Part III Review 348 Part IV Implementing IP Version 4 352 Chapter 15 Operating Cisco Routers 354 Foundation Topics 355 Installing Cisco Routers 355 Installing Enterprise Routers 355 Cisco Integrated Services Routers 356 Physical Installation 357 Installing Internet Access Routers 357 A SOHO Installation with a Separate Switch, Router, and Cable Modem 358 A SOHO Installation with an Integrated Switch, Router, and DSL Modem 359 Enabling IPv4 Support on Cisco Routers 359 Comparisons Between the Switch CLI and Router CLI 359 Router Interfaces 360 Interface Status Codes 362 Router Interface IP Addresses 363 Bandwidth and Clock Rate on Serial Interfaces 365 Router Auxiliary (Aux) Port 366 Operational Status with the show version Command 366 Review Activities 368 Chapter 16 Configuring IPv4 Addresses and Routes 374 Foundation Topics 376 IP Routing 376 IPv4 Routing Process Reference 376 An Example of IP Routing 378 Host Forwards the IP Packet to the Default Router (Gateway) 379 Routing Step 1: Decide Whether to Process the Incoming Frame 380 Routing Step 2: Deencapsulation of the IP Packet 380 Routing Step 3: Choosing Where to Forward the Packet 381 Routing Step 4: Encapsulating the Packet in a New Frame 381 Routing Step 5: Transmitting the Frame 382 Internal Processing on Cisco Routers 382 Potential Routing Performance Issues 383 Cisco Router Fast Switching and CEF 383 Configuring Connected Routes 384 Connected Routes and the ip address Command 384 Routing Between Subnets on VLANs 386 Configuring Routing to VLANs using 802.1Q on Routers 387 Configuring Routing to VLANs Using a Layer 3 Switch 390 Secondary IP Addressing 392 Supporting Connected Routes to Subnet Zero 393 Configuring Static Routes 394 Static Route Configuration 394 Static Default Routes 396 Review Activities 399 Chapter 17 Learning IPv4 Routes with OSPFv2 404 Foundation Topics 405 Comparing Dynamic Routing Protocol Features 405 Routing Protocol Functions 405 Interior and Exterior Routing Protocols 406 Comparing IGPs 407 IGP Routing Protocol Algorithms 407 Metrics 408 Other IGP Comparisons 409 Administrative Distance 410 Understanding the OSPF Link-State Routing Protocol 411 Building the LSDB and Creating IP Routes 411 Topology Information and LSAs 412 Applying Dijkstra SPF Math to Find the Best Routes 413 Using OSPF Neighbor Relationships 413 The Basics of OSPF Neighbors 413 Meeting Neighbors and Learning Their Router ID 414 Scaling OSPF Through Hierarchical Design 415 OSPF Configuration 417 OSPF Single-Area Configuration 417 Matching with the OSPF network Command 419 Verifying OSPF 420 Configuring the OSPF Router ID 423 Miscellaneous OSPF Configuration Settings 424 OSPF Passive Interfaces 424 OSPF Default Routes 426 Review Activities 428 Chapter 18 Configuring and Verifying Host Connectivity 434 Foundation Topics 435 Configuring Routers to Support DHCP 435 DHCP Protocol Messages and Addresses 435 Supporting DHCP for Remote Subnets with DHCP Relay 437 Information Stored at the DHCP Server 438 DHCP Server Configuration and Verification on Routers 439 IOS DHCP Server Configuration 439 IOS DHCP Server Verification 441 Detecting Conflicts with Offered Versus Used Addresses 442 Verifying Host IPv4 Settings 442 IP Address and Mask Configuration 443 Name Resolution with DNS 444 Default Routers 445 Testing Connectivity with ping, traceroute, and telnet 447 The ping Command 447 Testing IP Routes with ping on a Router 448 Controlling the Source IP Address with Extended ping 449 The traceroute Command 451 How the traceroute Command Works 452 traceroute and Similar Commands 454 Telnet and Suspend 455 Review Activities 458 Part IV Review 464 Part V Advanced IPv4 Addressing Concepts 468 Chapter 19 Subnet Design 470 Foundation Topics 471 Choosing the Mask(s) to Meet Requirements 471 Review: Choosing the Minimum Number of Subnet and Host Bits 471 No Masks Meet Requirements 472 One Mask Meets Requirements 473 Multiple Masks Meet Requirements 473 Finding All the Masks: Concepts 473 Finding All the Masks: Math 475 Choosing the Best Mask 475 The Formal Process 475 Practice Choosing Subnet Masks 476 Practice Problems for Choosing a Subnet Mask 476 Additional Practice for Choosing the Subnet Mask 477 Finding All Subnet IDs 477 First Subnet ID: The Zero Subnet 477 Finding the Pattern Using the Magic Number 478 A Formal Process with Less Than 8 Subnet Bits 479 Example 1: Network 172.16.0.0, Mask 255.255.240.0 480 Example 2: Network 192.168.1.0, Mask 255.255.255.224 481 Finding All Subnets with Exactly 8 Subnet Bits 482 Finding All Subnets with More Than 8 Subnet Bits 483 Process with 9-16 Subnet Bits 483 Process with 17 or More Subnet Bits 484 Practice Finding All Subnet IDs 485 Practice Problems for Finding All Subnet IDs 486 Additional Practice for Finding All Subnet IDs 486 Review Activities 487 Chapter 20 Variable-Length Subnet Masks 494 Foundation Topics 495 VLSM Concepts and Configuration 495 Classless and Classful Routing Protocols 495 VLSM Configuration and Verification 496 Finding VLSM Overlaps 497 An Example of Finding a VLSM Overlap 498 Practice Finding VLSM Overlaps 499 Adding a New Subnet to an Existing VLSM Design 500 An Example of Adding a New VLSM Subnet 500 Practice Adding New VLSM Subnets 502 Review Activities 503 Chapter 21 Route Summarization 508 Foundation Topics 509 Manual Route Summarization Concepts 509 Route Summarization Basics 509 Route Summarization and the IPv4 Subnetting Plan 510 Verifying Manually Summarized Routes 511 Choosing the Best Summary Routes 512 The Process to Find the Best Summary Route 512 Sample "Best" Summary on Router R3 513 Sample "Best" Summary on Router R2 514 Practice Choosing the Best Summary Routes 515 Review Activities 516 Part V Review 522 Part VI IPv4 Services 526 Chapter 22 Basic IPv4 Access Control Lists 528 Foundation Topics 529 IPv4 Access Control List Basics 529 ACL Location and Direction 529 Matching Packets 530 Taking Action When a Match Occurs 530 Types of IP ACLs 531 Standard Numbered IPv4 ACLs 531 List Logic with IP ACLs 532 Matching Logic and Command Syntax 533 Matching the Exact IP Address 533 Matching a Subset of the Address with Wildcards 533 Binary Wildcard Masks 535 Finding the Right Wildcard Mask to Match a Subnet 535 Matching Any/All Addresses 536 Implementing Standard IP ACLs 536 Standard Numbered ACL Example 1 537 Standard Numbered ACL Example 2 538 Troubleshooting and Verification Tips 540 Practice Applying Standard IP ACLs 541 Practice Building access-list Commands 541 Reverse Engineering from ACL to Address Range 542 Review Activities 544 Chapter 23 Advanced IPv4 ACLs and Device Security 550 Foundation Topics 552 Extended Numbered IP Access Control Lists 552 Matching the Protocol, Source IP, and Destination IP 552 Matching TCP and UDP Port Numbers 553 Extended IP ACL Configuration 556 Extended IP Access Lists: Example 1 557 Extended IP Access Lists: Example 2 558 Practice Building access-list Commands 559 Named ACLs and ACL Editing 560 Named IP Access Lists 560 Editing ACLs Using Sequence Numbers 562 Numbered ACL Configuration Versus Named ACL Configuration 563 Router and Switch Security 564 Review: Password Protections for the CLI 565 Disable Services 565 Controlling Telnet and SSH Access with ACLs 567 ACL Implementation Considerations 567 Network Time Protocol 568 Review Activities 571 Chapter 24 Network Address Translation 578 Foundation Topics 579 Perspectives on IPv4 Address Scalability 579 CIDR 579 Route Aggregation for Shorter Routing Tables 580 IPv4 Address Conservation 580 Private Addressing 581 Network Address Translation Concepts 581 Static NAT 582 Dynamic NAT 584 Overloading NAT with Port Address Translation (PAT) 585 NAT Overload (PAT) on Consumer Routers 587 NAT Configuration and Troubleshooting 588 Static NAT Configuration 588 Dynamic NAT Configuration 590 Dynamic NAT Verification 592 NAT Overload (PAT) Configuration 594 NAT Troubleshooting 596 Review Activities 598 Part VI Review 604 Part VII: IP Version 6 608 Chapter 25 Fundamentals of IP Version 6 610 Foundation Topics 611 Introduction to IPv6 611 The Historical Reasons for IPv6 611 The IPv6 Protocols 612 IPv6 Routing 614 IPv6 Routing Protocols 615 IPv6 Addressing Formats and Conventions 616 Representing Full (Unabbreviated) IPv6 Addresses 617 Abbreviating and Expanding IPv6 Addresses 617 Abbreviating IPv6 Addresses 617 Expanding Abbreviated IPv6 Addresses 618 Representing the Prefix Length of an Address 619 Calculating the IPv6 Prefix (Subnet ID) 619 Finding the IPv6 Prefix 620 Working with More Difficult IPv6 Prefix Lengths 621 Review Activities 623 Chapter 26 IPv6 Addressing and Subnetting 628 Foundation Topics 629 Global Unicast Addressing Concepts 629 A Brief Review of Public and Private IPv4 Addresses 629 Review of Public IPv4 Addressing Concepts 629 Review of Private IPv4 Addressing Concepts 631 Public and Private IPv6 Addresses 631 The IPv6 Global Routing Prefix 632 Address Ranges for Global Unicast Addresses 633 IPv6 Subnetting Using Global Unicast Addresses 634 Deciding Where IPv6 Subnets Are Needed 634 The Mechanics of Subnetting IPv6 Global Unicast Addresses 635 Listing the IPv6 Subnet Identifier 637 List All IPv6 Subnets 637 Assign Subnets to the Internetwork Topology 638 Assigning Addresses to Hosts in a Subnet 638 Unique Local Unicast Addresses 639 Subnetting with Unique Local IPv6 Addresses 640 The Need for Globally Unique Local Addresses 640 Review Activities 642 Chapter 27 Implementing IPv6 Addressing on Routers 646 Foundation Topics 647 Implementing Unicast IPv6 Addresses on Routers 647 Static Unicast Address Configuration 648 Configuring the Full 128-Bit Address 648 Enabling IPv6 Routing 649 Verifying the IPv6 Address Configuration 649 Generating a Unique Interface ID Using EUI-64 651 Dynamic Unicast Address Configuration 654 Special Addresses Used by Routers 654 Link-Local Addresses 655 Link-Local Address Concepts 655 Creating Link-Local Addresses on Routers 656 IPv6 Multicast Addresses 657 Broadcasts Versus Multicasts 657 Common Local Scope Multicast Addresses 658 Solicited-Node Multicast Addresses 658 Miscellaneous IPv6 Addresses 660 Review Activities 661 Chapter 28 Implementing IPv6 Addressing on Hosts 666 Foundation Topics 668 The Neighbor Discovery Protocol 668 Discovering Routers with NDP RS and RA 669 Discovering Addressing Info for SLAAC with NDP RS and RA 669 Discovering Neighbor Link Addresses with NDP NS and NA 670 Discovering Duplicate Addresses Using NDP NS and NA 671 NDP Summary 672 Dynamic Configuration of Host IPv6 Settings 673 Dynamic Configuration Using Stateful DHCP and NDP 673 Differences Between DHCPv6 and DHCPv4 674 DHCPv6 Relay Agents 674 Using Stateless Address Autoconfiguration 676 Building an IPv6 Address Using SLAAC 676 Combining SLAAC with NDP and Stateless DHCP 677 Verification of Host IPv6 Connectivity 678 Verifying Host IPv6 Connectivity from Hosts 678 Verifying Host Connectivity from Nearby Routers 680 Review Activities 683 Chapter 29 Implementing IPv6 Routing 688 Foundation Topics 689 Connected and Local IPv6 Routes 689 Rules for Connected and Local Routes 689 Example of Connected IPv6 Routes 690 Examples of Local IPv6 Routes 691 Static IPv6 Routes 692 Static Routes Using the Outgoing Interface 692 Static Routes Using Next-Hop IPv6 Address 693 Example Static Route with a Global Unicast Next-Hop Address 694 Example Static Route with a Link-Local Next-Hop Address 695 Static Default Routes 696 Dynamic Routes with OSPFv3 697 Comparing OSPF for IPv4 and IPv6 697 OSPF Routing Protocol Versions and Protocols 697 Comparing OSPFv2 and OSPFv3 698 Configuring Single-Area OSPFv3 700 OSPFv3 Single-Area Configuration Example 701 OSPFv3 Passive Interfaces 703 Verifying OSPFv3 Status and Routes 703 Verifying OSPFv3 Configuration Settings 704 Verifying OSPFv3 Neighbors 706 Examining the OSPFv3 Database 707 Examining IPv6 Routes Learned by OSPFv3 707 Review Activities 709 Part VII Review 714 Part VIII: Final Review 718 Chapter 30 Final Review 720 Advice About the Exam Event 720 Learn the Question Types Using the Cisco Certification Exam Tutorial 720 Think About Your Time Budget Versus Numbers of Questions 721 A Suggested Time-Check Method 722 Miscellaneous Pre-Exam Suggestions 722 Exam-Day Advice 722 Exam Review 723 Practice Subnetting and Other Math-Related Skills 723 Take Practice Exams 725 Practicing Taking the ICND1 Exam 726 Practicing Taking the CCNA Exam 726 Advice on How to Answer Exam Questions 728 Find Knowledge Gaps Through Question Review 729 Practice Hands-On CLI Skills 731 Review Mind Maps from Part Review 731 Do Labs 731 Other Study Tasks 732 Final Thoughts 732 Part IX Appendixes 734 Appendix A Numeric Reference Tables 736 Appendix B ICND1 Exam Updates 744 Glossary 746 DVD-only Appendixes Appendix C: Answers to Review Questions Appendix D: Practice for Chapter 12: Analyzing Classful IPv4 Networks Appendix E: Practice for Chapter 13: Analyzing Subnet Masks Appendix F: Practice for Chapter 14: Analyzing Existing Subnets Appendix G: Practice for Chapter 19: Subnet Design Appendix H: Practice for Chapter 20: Variable-Length Subnet Masks Appendix I: Practice for Chapter 21: Route Summarization Appendix J: Practice for Chapter 22: Basic IPv4 Access Control Lists Appendix K: Practice for Chapter 25: Fundamentals of IP Version 6 Appendix L: Practice for Chapter 27: Implementing IPv6 Addressing on Routers Appendix M: Memory Tables Appendix N: Memory Tables Answer Key Appendix O: Mind Map Solutions Appendix P: Study Planner 9781587144851 TOC 5/23/2013