Physics of Minerals and Inorganic Materials
An Introduction
(Sprache: Englisch)
The physics of minerals in a broad sense implies the fundamental aspects of understanding mineral matter: the electronic structure of atoms related to their behavior in geochemical processes; the atomic and electronic structures of minerals; the properties...
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Klappentext zu „Physics of Minerals and Inorganic Materials “
The physics of minerals in a broad sense implies the fundamental aspects of understanding mineral matter: the electronic structure of atoms related to their behavior in geochemical processes; the atomic and electronic structures of minerals; the properties of minerals, with their genetic, geophysical, and technical significance, and their pressure and temperature dependence; the mechanisms of phenomena and reactions in mineral formation and transformation processes; the physical me thods applied in mineralogical, geochemical and petrological studies, and to a great extent in geological surveys and prospecting. In a narrower sense, it is a branch lying in the border area between mineralogy and solid-state physics, dealing with those aspects of mine ralogy which require, for their understanding and investigation, special knowledge in contemporary physics and chemistry of solids. The physics of minerals accounts for the third crucial change within this century in the conceptual foundations of mineralogy: after physi cochemical mineralogy, from experimental studies of phase relations to parage netic analyses, and crystal chemistry of minerals, there followed solid-state physics, which has evolved to its present state over the past 25 years. The task of mineralogy has expanded greatly. In addition to the identification and description of minerals, it is becoming necessary to establish the relationships between structure, composition and properties of minerals and their genesis, their distribution within geological regions, magmatic, metamorphic and sedimentary formations and types of ore deposits. The development of new methods of investigation requires an understanding of the physical meaning of the parameters under evaluation.
Inhaltsverzeichnis zu „Physics of Minerals and Inorganic Materials “
1 Quantum Theory and the Structure of Atoms.- 1.1 Geochemistry - History of Self-Consistent Atoms.- 1.2 The Beginnings of Quantum Theory.- 1.3 The Schrödinger Equation as the Basic Equation of Quantum Mechanics.- 1.4 Atomic Orbitals (Solutions of the Schrödinger Equation).- 1.5 Orbital Radii (Solutions of the Schrödinger Equation).- 1.6 Electron Spin.- 1.7 Electronic Configurations and the Periodic System of Elements.- 1.8 Term Symbols and Atomic States.- 2 Crystal Field Theory.- 2.1 The Actions of the Crystal Field upon the Atomic Orbitals and Terms.- 2.2 Three Types of Ion Behavior in Crystal Fields: Weak, Medium, and Strong Crystalline Fields.- 2.3 Iron Group: Term Splitting by Crystal Field.- 3 Molecular Orbital Theory.- 3.1 Introduction.- 3.2 General Theory of the Chemical Bond; Molecular Orbital Method; Valence Bond Method.- 3.3 Analysis of the MO Scheme: Information Obtained from MO and Basic Concepts of the Theory of the Chemical Bond.- 3.4 Further Development of Molecular Orbital Methods.- 4 Energy Band Theory and Reflectance Spectra of Minerals.- 4.1 Basic Principles and Methods of the Energy Band Theory.- 4.2 Analysis of the Band Schemes and Reflectance Spectra of Minerals.- 5 Spectroscopy and the Chemical Bond.- 5.1 General Outline and Parameters of Solid State Spectroscopy.- 5.2 Principal Concepts and Parameters of the Chemical Bond from the Standpoint of Spectroscopy.- 6 Optical Absorption Spectra and Nature of Colors of Minerals.- 6.1 Parameters of Optical Absorption Spectra.- 6.2 Types of Optical Absorption Spectra and Selection Rules.- 6.3 Analysis and Experimental Survey of Transition Metal Ions Spectra.- 6.4 The Nature of Colors of Minerals.- 7 Structure and the Chemical Bond.- 7.1 Contemporary Methods of Description and Calculations of theChemical Bond in Solids.- 7.2 Lattice Energy of Ionic Crystals.- 7.3 Lattice Sums, Crystal Field Parameters, Spectroscopical Parameters, and Intracrystalline Distribution.- 7.4 Atomic and Ionic, Orbital, and
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Mean Radii.- 8 Chemical Bond in Some Classes and Groups of Minerals.- 8.1 Diversity of the Aspects of a Complex Phenomenon of Chemical Bond in Solids.- 8.2 The Chemical Bond in Silicates.- 8.3 The Chemical Bond in Sulfides and Related Compounds.- 8.4 Features of Chemical Bonding in Other Classes of Mineral.- References.
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Bibliographische Angaben
- Autor: A. S. Marfunin
- 2011, 342 Seiten, 138 Abbildungen, Maße: 24,4 cm, Kartoniert (TB), Englisch
- Übersetzer: N. G. Egorova, A. G. Mishchenko
- Verlag: Springer, Berlin
- ISBN-10: 3642670466
- ISBN-13: 9783642670466
Sprache:
Englisch
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