Power Supply in Telecommunications

1 General and Introduction.- 1.1 Functions and Requirements.- 1.2 Basic Types of Power Converter.- 1.3 Elements of a Power Converter.- 1.4 Energy Storage.- 1.5 Primary Power Sources.- 1.6 Power Supply Systems.- 1.7 UPS Systems.- 1.8 Mains-independent Hybrid Power Supply Systems.- 1.9 Historical Review.- 2 Requirements of Telecommunications Systems on the Power Supply.- 2.1 D.C. Power Supplies.- 2.2 A.C. Power Supplies.- 3 Operating Modes of a Direct Current Power Supply System.- 3.1 Rectifier Mode.- 3.2 Battery (Charge-Discharge) Mode.- 3.3 Standby Parallel Mode.- 3.4 Changeover Mode.- 3.5 Combined Standby Parallel and Changeover Mode with Compensator for Additional Voltage.- 3.6 Assignment of Operating Modes to Communications Systems.- 3.7 Further Modes.- 4 Operating Modes of an Alternating Current Power Supply System.- 4.1 Mains Mode.- 4.2 A.C. Changeover Mode.- 4.3 Uninterruptible a.c. Changeover Mode.- 5 Public Mains.- 5.1 Type of Voltage.- 5.2 Tolerances of the a.c. Supply Voltageand Supply Frequency.- 5.3 Wave Shape and Distortion Factor of the a.c. Supply Voltage.- 5.4 Power Failures.- 6 Energy Storage.- 6.1 Stationary Lead-Acid Batteries.- 6.2 Stationary Alkaline Batteries.- 6.3 Lithium Primary Batteries.- 6.4 Design Pointers.- 6.5 Maintenance.- 6.6 Installation of Batteries.- 7 Basic Circuits and Process Control.- 7.1 Rectifier Circuits.- 7.2 Stabilizing and Control Procedures.- 7.3 Rectifying with Stabilization.- 7.4 D.C./D.C. Conversion with Stabilization.- 7.5 Inverting with Stabilization.- 8 Applications of Control Systems in Power Supply Devices.- 8.1 General.- 8.2 The Operation of Open- and Closed-loop Control Systems.- 8.3 Components of the Closed-loop Control System.- 8.4 Operational Amplifiers in the Regulator.- 8.5 Controlled Rectifiers with Thyristor Power Section.- 8.6 Controlled Power Supply Equipment with Transistor Power Section.- 9 Switching Mode Power Supplies.- 9.1 Type 48 V/12 A (60 V/10 A).- 9.2 Type 48 V (60 V)/30 A and 100 A.- 9.3 Type