Spatial Representation
From Gene to Mind
(Sprache: Englisch)
Despite our impression of a seamless spatial world, mature human spatial knowledge is composed of sub-systems, each specialized. This book uses the case of Williams syndrome -- a rare genetic deficit - to argue for specialization of function in both normal...
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Despite our impression of a seamless spatial world, mature human spatial knowledge is composed of sub-systems, each specialized. This book uses the case of Williams syndrome -- a rare genetic deficit - to argue for specialization of function in both normal and unusual development. The evidence suggests a speculative hypothesis linking the genetic deficit to changes in the timing of emergence for different sub-systems. More broadly, the book shows the complexity of spatial cognition, its genetic correlates, and realization in the brain.
Klappentext zu „Spatial Representation “
Our experience of the spatial world is a unitary one; we perceive objects and layouts, we remember them and act on them, and we can even talk about them with ease. Despite this impression of seamlessness, spatial representations in human adults appear to be specialized in domain-dependent manner, engaging different properties and computational mechanisms for different functions. In this book, the authors present evidence that this domain-specific specialization in cognitive function emerges early in development and is reflected in patterns of breakdown that occur under genetic defect. The authors focus on spatial representation in children and adults with Williams syndrome, a relatively rare genetic syndrome that gives rise to an unusual profile of severely impaired spatial representation together with spared language. Results from a variety of spatial domains -- including object representation, motion perception, action, navigation, and spatial language -- appear to display a strikingly uneven profile of sparing and deficit within spatial representations, consistent with the idea that specialization of function drives development and breakdown. These findings raise a crucial question: Can specific genes target specific aspects of cognitive structure? Looking deeper into the patterns of performance across spatial domains, the book explores the notion that understanding patterns of normal development across domains is crucial to understanding unusual development. Using insights from normal development, the authors propose a speculative hypothesis that explains the emergence of the William syndrome profile, and how complex cognitive outcomes can arise from the deletion of a small set of genes.
Inhaltsverzeichnis zu „Spatial Representation “
- Chapter 1. The Puzzle of Williams Syndrome
- 1.1 Hallmarks of the WS cognitive profile
- 1.2. Three principles for solving the puzzle
- 1.2.1 How can genes cause cognitive deficits? Complexity of the chain, and the importance of cognition
- 1.2.2 The cognitive architecture of space: The importance of specialization of function
- 1.2.3 Timing matters: The importance of normal development
- 1.3 Summary
- Chapter 2. Background on the problem: Genes, Brains, and the Hallmark Spatial Profile
- 2.1 Genes and the WS profile
- 2.1.1 LIMK1 and the spatial deficit
- 2.2 Brain structure and function
- 2.2.1 Brain structure
- 2.2.2 Brain function
- 2.3 Understanding the block construction task and why it might be so difficult
- 2.3.1 The cognitive requirements of the block construction task
- 2.3.2 Components of the block task
- 2.3.3 Summary of the cognitive components of the block construction task and reflections on possible brain correlates
- 2.4 Towards an hypothesis: Weakness in the dorsal stream/parietal lobe functions, strength in ventral stream functions?
- Chapter 3. Objects
- 3.1 Object recognition and levels of processing in the visual system
- 3.1.1 Levels of visual analysis for objects
- 3.2 Object Recognition in People with Williams Syndrome
- 3.2.1 Early Vision
- 3.2.1.1 A comment about orientation sensitivity
- 3.2.1.2 Summary of evidence on early visual processing
- 3.2.2 Middle Level
- 3.2.3 Vision
- 3.2.3.1 Visual Grouping
- 3.2.3.2 Grouping from motion
- 3.2.3.3 Summary of evidence on grouping
- 3.2.4 High level vision: Object recognition
- 3.2.4.1 Recognizing familiar objects
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3.2.4.2 A special problem: Handedness, or left-right reflections
3.2.4.3 Summary of evidence on object recognition
3.3 Face recognition
3.3.1 Summary of evidence on face recognition
3.4 Summary
Chapter 4. Objects in Places
4.1 Review of the components of the block construction task and their relationship to parietal functions
4.2 Marking objects: More than one at a time, but only up to 2
4.3 Locating objects: Constructing and using reference frames
4.3.1 Matching locations: Are object locations defined in terms of a reference system?
4.3.2 Copying locations: Axes, directions, and spatial precision in location representations
4.3.2.1 Copying: Task 1
4.3.2.2 Copying: Task 2
4.3.3 Summary of locating objects: Matching, copying
4.4 Acting on objects
4.5 Summary of marking, locating, and acting on objects
Chapter 5. Finding our Way
5.1 The components of navigation: Division of labor
5.1.1 Egocentric and allocentric refer
... weniger
Autoren-Porträt von Barbara Landau, James E. Hoffman
Barbara Landau is a cognitive scientist who works on the representation of space and language and the mapping between the two systems. She has carried out work on normally developing children and normal adults, as well as children and adults with neurological impairment, including people with Williams syndrome. Before coming to Johns Hopkins University in 2001, she held faculty positions at Columbia University, University of California-Irvine, and the University of Delaware. In 2009, she was named a fellow of the John Simon Guggenheim Foundation and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. She is also a fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, the Cognitive Science Society, the Association for Psychological Science, and the American Psychological Association. James E. Hoffman is a Professor at the University of Delaware. He works on visual representation, especially the nature of attentional mechanisms in the brain, using traditional experimental methods as well as event-related potentials in the brain to measure attention. He is a fellow of the Association for Psychological Science.
Bibliographische Angaben
- Autoren: Barbara Landau , James E. Hoffman
- 2012, 392 Seiten, Maße: 16 x 23,4 cm, Gebunden, Englisch
- Verlag: Oxford University Press
- ISBN-10: 0195385373
- ISBN-13: 9780195385373
- Erscheinungsdatum: 25.10.2012
Sprache:
Englisch
Pressezitat
Spatial Representation: From Gene to Mind is an important and scholarly book for anyone with an interest in Williams syndrome or for researchers who are interested in finding a model of how to investigate cognitive impairment. Landau and Hoffman do an excellent job integrating the findings from their laboratory with those of other researchers to provide a comprehensive analysis of the cognitive profile associated with Williams syndrome. The book is especially well written and organized ... I would highly recommend the book to anyone with an interest in understanding contemporary research in cognition. PsycCRITIQUES, April 2013
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