Statistics for Psychology

Articles Advanced Topics: Probability Rules and Conditional Probabilities Summary Key Terms Example Worked-Out Problems Practice Problems Using SPSS Chapter Note Chapter 4: Introduction to hypothesis testing A Hypothesis-Testing Example The Core Logic of Hypothesis Testing The Hypothesis-Testing Process One-Tailed and Two-Tailed Hypothesis Tests Controversy: Should Significance Tests Be Banned? Hypothesis Tests in Research Articles Summary Key Terms Example Worked-Out Problems Practice Problems Using SPSS Chapter Note Chapter 5: Hypothesis testing with means of samples The Distribution of Means Hypothesis Testing with a Distribution of Means: The Z Test Controversy: Marginal Significance Hypothesis Tests About Means of Samples (Z Tests) and Standards Errors in Research Articles Advanced Topic: Estimation, Standard Errors, and Confidence Intervals Advanced Topic Controversy: Confidence Intervals versus Significance Tests Advance Topic: Confidence Intervals in Research Articles Summary Key Terms Example Worked-Out Problems Practice Problems Using SPSS Chapter Note Chapter 6: Making sense of statistical significance: Effect size and statistical power Decision Errors Effect Size Statistical Power What Determines the Power of Study The Role of Power Interpreting the Results of a Study Controversy: Statistical Significance versus Effect Size Decision Errors, Effect Size, and Power in Research Articles Advanced Topics; Figuring Statistical Power Summary Key Terms Example Worked-Out Problems Practice Problems Using SPSS Chapter Note Chapter 7: Introduction to the t test: Single sample and dependent means The t Test for a Single Sample The t Test for Dependent Means Assumptions of the t Test for a Single Sample and thet Test for Dependent Means Controversy: Advantages and Disadvantages of Repeated-Measures Designs Single Samplet Tests and Dependent Means t Tests in Research Articles Summary Key Terms Example Worked-Out Problems Practice Problems Using SPSS Chapter Note Chapter 8: The t test for independent means The Distribution of Differences Between Means Hypothesis Testing with a t Test for Independent Means Assumptions of the t Test for Independent Means Effect Size and Power for thet Test for Independent Means Review and Comparison of the Three Kinds oft Tests The t Test for Independent Means in Research Articles Advanced Topic: Power for the t Test for Independent Means When Sample Sizes Are Not Equal Summary Key Terms Example Worked-Out Problems Practice Problems Using SPSS Chapter Note Chapter 9: Introduction to the analysis of variance Basic Logic of the Analysis of Variance Carrying Out an Analysis of Variance Hypothesis Testing with the Analysis of Variance Assumptions in the Analysis of Variance Planned Contrasts Post Hoc Comparisons Effect Size and Power for the Analysis of Variance Controversy: Omnibus Tests versus Planned Contrasts Analyses of Variance in Research Articles Advanced Topic: The Structural Model in the Analysis of Variance Principles of the Structural Model Summary Key Terms Example Worked-Out Problems Practice Problems Using SPSS Chapter Note Chapter 10: Factorial analysis of variance Basic Logic of Factorial Designs and Interaction Effects Recognizing and Interpreting Interaction Effect Basic Logic of the Two-Way Analysis of Variance Assumptions in the Factorial Analysis of Variance Extensions and Special Cases of the Analysis of Variance Controversy: Dichotomizing Numeric Variables Factorial Analysis of Variance in Research Articles Advanced Topic: Figuring a Two-Way Analysis of Variance Advanced Topic: Power and Effect Size in the Factorial Analysis of Variance Summary Key Terms Example Worked-Out Problems Practice Problems Using SPSS Chapter Note Chapter 11: Correlation Graphing Correlations: The Scatter Diagram Patterns in Correlation The Correlation Coefficient Significance of a Correlation Coefficient Correlation and Causality Issues in Interpreting the Correlation Coefficient Effect Size and Power for the Correlation Coefficient Controversy: What is a Large Correlation? Correlation in Research Articles Summary Key Terms Example Worked-Out Problems Practice Problems Using SPSS Chapter Note Chapter 12: Prediction Predictor (X) and Criterion (Y) Variables The Linear Prediction Rule The Regression Line Finding the Best Linear Prediction Rule The Least Squared Error Principle Issues in Prediction Multiple Regression Limitations of Prediction Controversy: Unstandardized and Standardized Regression Coefficients; Comparing Predictors Prediction in Research Articles Advanced Topic: Error and Proportionate Reduction in Error Summary Key Terms Example Worked-Out Problems Practice Problems Using SPSS Chapter Note Chapter 13: Chi-square tests The Chi-Square Statistic and the Chi-Square Test for Goodness of Fit The Chi-Square Test for Independence Assumptions for Chi-Square Tests Effect Size and Power for Chi-Tests for Independence Controversy: The Minimum Expected Frequency Chi-Square Tests in Research Articles Summary Key Terms Example Worked-Out Problems Practice Problems Using SPSS Chapter Note Chapter 14: Strategies when population distributions are not normal: Data transformations and rank-order tests Assumptions in the Standard Hypothesis-Testing Procedures Data Transformations Rank-Order Tests Comparison of Methods Controversy: Computer-Intensive Methods Data Transformations and Rank-Order Tests in Research Articles Summary Key Terms Example Worked-Out Problems Practice Problems Using SPSS Chapter Note Chapter 15: Integration and the general linear model and Making sense of advanced statistical procedures in research articles The General Linear Partial Correlation Reliability Multilevel Modeling Factor Analysis Casual Modeling Procedures That Compare Groups Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) and Multivariate Analysis of Covariance (MANCOVA) Overview of Statistical Techniques Controversy: Should Statistics Be Controversial? How to Read Results Using Unfamiliar Statistical Techniques Summary Key Terms Example Worked-Out Problems Practice Problems Using SPSS Chapter Note