Study of Candida spp.Associated with Urinary Tract Infections in Basra

The yeasts belonging to the genous Candida are potentially pathogenic agents. Their incidence has greatly increased over the past several decades with the introduction of broad spectrum antibiotics, immunosuppressive corticosteroids, and antitumor agents. Urinary tract infection caused by Candida strains are increasing nosocomial problem, it is am increasingly common finding in hospitalized patients. Several risk factors such as the use of indwelling urinary devices, diabetes mellitus,and antibiotic use have been identified as associated with increase of Candida growth in urine, on the other hand, the pathogenesis of Candida species related with several factors such as biofilm formation, the production of proteolytic enzymes and dimorphism. Various phenotypic screening tests have been used to discriminate these organisms, but no single phenotype test has proven to be highly effective and the use of genotypic tests may be necessary for definitive identification purposes. Accordingof CLSI,there are two Standardized methods for antifungal tests, the M27-A2 and M38-P,also it recommends the use of the RPMI1640 in the achievement of antifungal susceptibility testing with yeasts.