The Neural Basis of Echolocation in Bats

1. Biological Sonar and the World of Bats.- 1.1 Purpose of the Monograph.- 1.2 Historical Review.- 1.3 The Orientation Calls of Bats.- 1.4 Nomenclature Used to Refer to Bats Throughout the Monograph.- 1.5 How Bats Manipulate Their Signals During Echolocation.- 1.6 Echolocation Signals Are Tailored to the Habitat in Which the Bat Hunts.- 1.7 What Information Do Bats Extract from their Biosonar Signals?.- 1.8 Cues Bats Use to Extract Information from Biosonar Signals.- 1.9 Biosonar Signals and the Phylogeny of Bats.- 2. Tonotopic Organization.- 2.1 Introduction.- 2.2 The Cochlea and Auditory Nerve.- 2.3 Cochlear Nucleus.- 2.4 Superior Olivary Complex.- 2.5 Nuclei of the Lateral Lemniscus.- 2.6 Central Nucleus of the Inferior Colliculus.- 3. Anatomy of the Auditory Brainstem.- 3.1 Introduction.- 3.2 Three Divisions of the Cochlear Nucleus and the Origins of Parallel Auditory Pathways.- 3.3 Binaural and Monaural Pathways of the AVCN System.- 3.4 Convergence and Integration at the Inferior Colliculus.- 3.5 Pathways to the Inferior Colliculus: Conclusions.- 3.6 The Central Acoustic Tract and the Superior Colliculus: Some Speculations on Structures for Spatial Orientation.- 4. Physiological Properties of Auditory Neurons.- 4.1 Introduction.- 4.2 Auditory Nerve.- 4.3 Anteroventral Cochlear Nucleus.- 4.4 Medial Superior Olive.- 4.5 Lateral Superior Olive.- 4.6 How Do Time-Sensitive E-I Units Code for Azimuth?.- 4.7 Inferior Colliculus.- 4.8 The Relevance of Doppler-Shift Compensation.- 4.9 Organizational Features Related to Convergence of Inputs at the Inferior Colliculus.- 5. Processing of Acoustic Information During Echolocation.- 5.1 Introduction.- 5.2 Pulse Beaming and the Action of the Middle Ear Muscles.- 5.3 Central Mechanisms for Attenuating Responses to Emitted Sounds.-5.4 Neuronal Response Properties Can Be Modified During Echolocation.- 5.5 Conclusions.- 6. Summary and Conclusions.- 6.1 Specializations of Mustache Bats Reveal Details About the Modular Organization