The Uncertainty in Physical Measurements
An Introduction to Data Analysis in the Physics Laboratory
(Sprache: Englisch)
The book targets scientists and researchers focused on experimentation in the fields of physics, chemistry and engineering, as well as graduate-level students studying these sciences in an applied way. The central point is the uncertainty in measurements:...
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The book targets scientists and researchers focused on experimentation in the fields of physics, chemistry and engineering, as well as graduate-level students studying these sciences in an applied way. The central point is the uncertainty in measurements: what are the causes of uncertainty and how do we deal with it? The possible causes of uncertainty are at first phenomenologically explored, leading to understand the necessity of a formal treatment based on probability theory and statistical tools. The basics of probability and statistics are then introduced, in order to support the most relevant data analysis procedures, which are introduced in the last part of the book: uncertainty in indirect measurements, least squares fits, chi square test, confidence intervals.
The pedagogical goal is to introduce the treatment of uncertainty in a phenomenological way, based on examples taken from laboratory experience and distinguishing the different causes of uncertainty (there is more than just random errors and gaussian distributions to consider in laboratory practice). This approach naturally leads to the idea of limiting distributions and the necessity of a probabilistic treatment. Only then is probability theory introduced in a formal way (Part 2) and data analysis procedures are developed on the basis of probability and statistics (Part 3). Examples taken from laboratory experience facilitate the understanding of the concepts of Part 2 and 3. Some heavy demonstrations and some mathematical complements are grouped in one Appendix, to facilitate the smooth reading of the main chapters.
The pedagogical goal is to introduce the treatment of uncertainty in a phenomenological way, based on examples taken from laboratory experience and distinguishing the different causes of uncertainty (there is more than just random errors and gaussian distributions to consider in laboratory practice). This approach naturally leads to the idea of limiting distributions and the necessity of a probabilistic treatment. Only then is probability theory introduced in a formal way (Part 2) and data analysis procedures are developed on the basis of probability and statistics (Part 3). Examples taken from laboratory experience facilitate the understanding of the concepts of Part 2 and 3. Some heavy demonstrations and some mathematical complements are grouped in one Appendix, to facilitate the smooth reading of the main chapters.
Klappentext zu „The Uncertainty in Physical Measurements “
The scienti c method is based on the measurement of di erent physical qu- tities and the search for relations between their values. All measured values of physical quantities are, however, a ected by uncertainty. Understanding the origin of uncertainty, evaluating its extent, and suitably taking it into account in data analysis, are fundamental steps for assessing the global accuracy of physical laws and the degree of reliability of their technological applications. The introduction to uncertainty evaluation and data analysis procedures is generally made in laboratory courses for freshmen. During my long-lasting teaching experience, I had the feeling of some sort of gap between the ava- able tutorial textbooks, and the specialized monographs. The present work aims at lling this gap, and has been tested and modi ed through a feedback interaction with my students for several years. I have tried to maintain as much as possible a tutorial approach, that, starting from a phenomenolo- cal introduction, progressively leads to an accurate de nition of uncertainty and to some of the most common procedures of data analysis, facilitating the access to advanced monographs. This book is mainly addressed to - dergraduate students, but can be a useful reference for researchers and for secondary school teachers. The book is divided into three parts and a series of appendices. Part I is devoted to a phenomenological introduction to measurement and uncertainty. In Chap.
Inhaltsverzeichnis zu „The Uncertainty in Physical Measurements “
Measurements and Uncertainty.- Physical Quantities.- Measurement Units.- Measuring Instruments.- Uncertainty in Direct Measurements.- Probability and Statistics.- Basic Probability Concepts.- Distributions of Random Variables.- Statistical Tools.- Data Analysis.- Uncertainty in Indirect Measurements.- Confidence Levels.- Correlation of Physical Quantities.- The Chi Square Test.- Appendices.- Presentation of Experimental Data.- Systems of Units.- Tables.- Mathematical Complements.- Experiments.
Autoren-Porträt von Paolo Fornasini
Since 1978, the author has worked on x-ray spectroscopy (XAFS) with Synchrotron Radiation. He participated in the realization of the PWA laboratories at Adone (Frascati) and of the italian beamline BM08-Gilda at ESRF (Grenoble). He regularly performs XAFS measurements at international synchrotron facilities, including Adone (Frascati), LURE (Orsay), ESRF (Grenoble). Prof. Fornasini has also developed a software package for the analysis of EXAFS, specifically tailored for the study of anharmonic thermal effects.Prof. Fornasini has been a member of the International Advisory Committee on Synchrotron Radiation in Materials Science since 1996 and given several invited lectures and seminars in Chester (UK), Bonn, Regensburg, Bad Honnef, Dakar, Warsaw, Frascati, Bologna, Corvallis (Oregon), Stanford University, Hirosaki (Japan), Chiba (Japan). Since 1997, he is a lecturer at the Italian School of Synchrotron Radiation, organized every two years by the "Società Italiana di Luce di Sincrotrone". He has given lectures on x-ray techniques in various Italian and international schools (Torino 1999, Rostock 2000, Varsaw 2004, Planneralm Austria 2005, Dakar 2005).
Prof. Fornasini is the author or co-author of over 100 papers published in international journals and referees of the journals: Physical Review Letters, Physical Review B, Physics Letters, and Journal of Synchrotron Radiation.
Bibliographische Angaben
- Autor: Paolo Fornasini
- 2008, XII, 289 Seiten, Maße: 15,2 x 22,9 cm, Kartoniert (TB), Englisch
- Verlag: Springer, Berlin
- ISBN-10: 1441926941
- ISBN-13: 9781441926944
Sprache:
Englisch
Pressezitat
From the reviews: "Aiming to fill the gap between tutorial-type resources and specialized treatises, this volume, which has been tested by Fornasini's students in laboratory courses, offers a very clear, concise didactic approach to evaluating uncertainty. Actual worked examples are noted throughout the text, along with numerous figures depicting representative problems. Fornasini ... addresses issues of uncertainty concerning significant digits and rounding, use of instruments, a posteriori evaluations, moments of several probability distributions, and indirect measurements. ... Summing Up: Highly recommended. Upper-division undergraduates, researchers, and faculty." (D. J. Gougeon, Choice, Vol. 46 (10), June, 2009)
"The aim of this book ... is to describe the nature of uncertainty in physical experiments and to provide the useful statistical tools for data analysis. ... The present material is mainly addressed to the undergraduate students but could be applied by the researchers ... and by the secondary school teachers as well. ... we recommend this useful book for wide audience of readers without advanced knowledge of modern Mathematics." (Alexander V. Bulinski, Zentralblatt MATH, Vol. 1163, 2009) "This is a book that arose from the author's 'long-lasting teaching experience' in the Department of Physics of the University of Trento ... . the author found a gap between the elementary texts used ... and the more sophisticated books written for those with an extensive background in higher mathematics. This book attempts to fill that gap. ... helpful to many students and indeed researchers. ... many of us involved in radiation dosimetry would find much of help in this volume in our day-to-day work." (Ralph H. Thomas, Radiation Protection Dosimetry, Vol. 140 (1), 2010)
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