Understanding the Perception of Social Presence in Online Learning

Many colleges and institutions are moving their
programs online to meet the needs and expectations of
the adult learner. It is not a matter of what we
teach, but also a matter of how we teach it. Although
research regarding social presence in distance and
online learning is emerging, studies conducted in
this area point towards social presence as a
significant factor that has a positive impact on the
learning process and outcomes. Research indicates a
heightened need for examining the relationship
between social presence and perceived learning and
satisfaction as well as retention in online courses.
The aim of this literature review was to gain a
detailed knowledge of social presence and its various
aspects as well as the educational theories that
underlie the value of social interaction with others
in the support of constructive learning. A review of
the description of the salient constructs pertinent
to social presence as it relates to online education
is presented along with a pedagogical rationale and
the possible implications. This work should help to
guide educators in delivering a better educational
environment for the online learner.