User-Centred Design of Systems

1 Defining Systems.- 1 What Is a System?.- 1.1 Systems.- 1.2 Levels of Systems.- 1.3 Levels of Design.- 1.4 Paradoxical Technology.- 1.5 Allocation of Function.- 1.6 Mission Analysis.- 1.7 Conclusions.- 1.8 Exercise.- 1.9 Selected References.- 2 Who Will Use the System? 17.- 2.1 Users.- 2.2 Defining Users.- 2.3 Humans as Systems.- 2.4 Eliciting User Knowledge.- 2.5 Conclusions.- 2.6 Exercises 2 and.- 2.7 Selected References.- 3 What Will the System Be Used For? 37.- 3.1 Communication of Information.- 3.2 Presenting Information to the Human.- 3.3 Stimulus-central Processing-Response Compatibility.- 3.4 Conclusions.- 3.5 Exercise.- 3.6 Selected References.- 4 What Are the Main Components of the System? 55.- 4.1 Operational Level Interfaces.- 4.2 Input Technologies.- 4.3 Output Technologies.- 4.4 Control-Display Relationships.- 4.5 Conclusions.- 4.6 Exercise.- 4.7 Selected References 5.- 2 Developing Systems.- 5 How Will the System Be Designed?.- 5.1 Life cycles.- 5.2 Generic Activities in System Development.- 5.3 User involvement.- 5.4 Modelling Engineering Approaches.- 5.5 Conclusions.- 5.6 Selected References.- 6 How Well Do the Users Think the System Works?.- 6.1 The Need for Methods.- 6.2 Subjective Methods.- 6.3 Heuristics.- 6.4 Checklists.- 6.5 Questionnaires.- 6.6 Interviews.- 6.7 Focus Groups.- 6.8 Conclusions.- 6.9 Exercise 6.- 6.10 Selected References.- 7 How Well Does the System Really Work?.- 7.1 Objective Methods.- 7.2 Observation.- 7.3 Requirements' Capture.- 7.4 Task Analysis.- 7.5 Error Identification.- 7.6 Human Reliability Assessment.- 7.7 Conclusions.- 7.8 Exercise.- 7.9 Selected References.- 8 How Well Does the System Under Development Work? 135.- 8.1 Empirical Methods.- 8.2 Experimentation.- 8.3 User Trialling.- 8.4 User Modelling.- 8.5 Analyses and Reporting.- 8.6 Conclusions.- 8.7 Exercise.- 8.8 Selected References.- 9 Can the System Be Improved? 147.- 9.1 Summative Evaluation.- 9.2 Performance Measures.- 9.3 Usability.- 9.4 Modellingand