Working Guide to Process Equipment

From the contents:
Preface to Second Edition Preface to First Edition Introduction Chapter 1. How Trays Work: Flooding (Downcomer Backup) Tray Efficiency Downcomer Backup Downcomer Clearance Vapor--Flow Pressure Drop Jet Flood Incipient Flood Tower Pressure Drop and Flooding Chapter 2. How Trays Work: Dumping (Weeping Through Tray Decks) Tray Pressure Drop Other Causes of Tray Inefficiency Bubble-Cap Trays New High Capacity Trays Chapter 3. Why Control Tower Pressure (Options for Optimizing Tower Operating Pressure) Selecting an Optimum Tower Pressure Raising the Tower Pressure Target Lowering the Tower Pressure The Phase Rule in Distillation Chapter 4. What Drives Distillation Towers (Reboiler Function) The Reboiler Heat-Balance Calculations Chapter 5. How Reboilers Work (Thermosyphon, Gravity Feed, and Forced) Thermosyphon Reboilers Forced-Circulation Reboilers Kettle Reboilers Don't Forget Fouling Chapter 6. How Instruments Work (Levels, Pressures, Flows, and Temperatures) Level Foam Affects Levels Pressure Flow Temperature Chapter 7. Packed Towers: Better than Trays? (Packed-Bed Vapor and Liquid Distribution) How Packed Towers Work Maintaining Functional and Structural Efficiency in Packed Towers Advantages of Packing vs. Trays Chapter 8. Steam and Condensate Systems (Water Hammer and Condensate Backup, Steam-Side Reboiler Control) Steam Reboilers Condensing Heat--Transfer Rates Maintaining System Efficiency Carbonic Acid Corrosion Condensate Collection Systems Deaerators Surface Condensers Chapter 9. Bubble Point and Dew Point (Equilibrium Concepts in Vapor-Liquid Mixtures) Bubble Point Dew Point Chapter 10. Steam Strippers (Source of LatentHeat of Vaporization) Heat of Evaporation Stripper Efficiency Chapter 11. Draw-off Nozzle Hydraulics (Nozzle Cavitation Due to Lack of Hydrostatic Head) Nozzle Exit Loss Critical Flow Maintaining Nozzle Efficiency Overcoming Nozzle Exit Loss Limits Chapter 12. Pumparounds and Tower Heat Flows (Closing the Tower Enthalpy

Norman P. Lieberman is a chemical engineer with 46 years of experience in process plant operation, design, and field troubleshooting. An independent consultant, he troubleshoots oil refinery and chemical plant process problems and prepares revamp process designs. Mr. Lieberman teaches 20 - 25 seminars a year on Troubleshooting Process Plant Operations, and this book is based on his long experience in field troubleshooting refinery and process plant problems.