Actors and Dynamics in the Syrian Conflict's Middle Phase (PDF)

Jasmine K. Gani is Senior Lecturer in the School of International Relations and Co-Director of the Centre for Syrian Studies at the University of St Andrews. Her research, supervision, and teaching focus on three main areas: the history of European and US empires in the Middle East and Asia, with particular focus on US-Syrian relations; ideologies and social movements in the Middle East; and postcolonial thought and history. She is the author of The Role of Ideology in Syrian-US Relations: Conflict and Cooperation, and co-editor of the Routledge Handbook on the Middle East and North Africa State and States System (with Raymond Hinnebusch).

Raymond Hinnebusch is professor of international relations and Middle East politics and founder and Co-Director of the Centre for Syrian Studies at the University of St. Andrews. His works include Authoritarian Power and State Formation in Ba'thist Syria (1990) and Syria: Revolution from Above (Routledge: 2001); he co-edited Syria: From Reform to Revolt, (Syracuse, 2014); The Syrian Uprising: Domestic Factors and Early Trajectory (Routledge 2018) and The War for Syria: Regional and International Factors in the Syrian Conflict (Routledge 2019), and edited After the Arab Uprisings: Between Democratization, Counter-revolution and State Failure (Routledge 2016).