Kenneth E. Montague Series in Oil and Business History: Labor, Civil Rights, and the Hughes Tool Company (PDF)

On July 12, 1964, in a momentous decision, the National Labor Relations Board decertified the racially segregated Independent Metal Workers Union as the collective bargaining agent at Houstons mammoth Hughes Tool Company. The unanimous decision ending nearly fifty years of Jim Crow unionism at the company marked the first time in the Labor Boards history that it ruled that racial discrimination by a union violated the National Labor Relations Act and was therefore illegal. The ruling was for black workers the equivalent of the Brown v. Board of Education decision by the Supreme Court in the area of education.Michael R. Botson carefully traces the Jim Crow unionism of the company and the efforts of black union activists to bring civil rights issues into the workplace. His analysis places Hughes Tool in the context created by the National Labor Relations Act and the formation of the Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO). It clearly demonstrates that without federal intervention, workers at Hughes Tool would never have been able to overcome managements opposition to unionization and to racial equality.Drawing on interviews with many of the principals, as well as extensive mining of company and legal archives, Botsons study captures a moment in time when a segment of Houstons working-class seized the initiative and won economic and racial justice in their work place.