Managing Water for All: An OECD Perspective on Pricing and Financing (PDF)
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Water is a key prerequisite for human and economic development, and for maintaining ecosystems. However, billions of people lack access to water and sanitation services, mainly due to poor governance and inadequate investment and maintenance. This report, which emphasises the economic and financial aspects of water resources management and water service provision, the need for an integrated approach (including governance considerations) to address these complex policy challenges, and the importance of establishing a firm evidence base to support policy development and implementation, summarises the results of OECD work in this area.
Managing Water Resources in the Agricultural Sector
As agriculture consumes about 40% of OECD countries and 70% of the worlds freshwater consumption, it is a key area for water resources management (WRM) policies to achieve greater water use efficiency, while meeting environmental and social needp. WRM in agriculture is complex, covering a diverse range of farming systems, climatic conditions, sources of water, property rights, institutional arrangements, cultural and social contextp. Future policies and actions will be influenced by increases in population, food demand and climate change.
To address these challenges it will be important for OECD policy makers to: recognise the complexity and diversity of WRM in agriculture, reform institutional systems for water management in agriculture, ensure charges for water supplied to agriculture cover delivery costs, enhance agricultures resilience to climate change and variability impacts, improve policy integration between agriculture, water, energy and environment policies, and address knowledge and information deficiencies to better guide water resource management. Water supply and sanitation need to be addressed along with water resource management (WRM), both at the sectoral and environmental level.
As agriculture consumes about 70% of the worlds freshwater consumption and over 40% in OECD countries, it is a prime target for WRM policies to achieve greater efficiency in water resource use. This chapter focuses on agricultural water uses as an essential component of water resource management.1 WRM in agriculture is complex, covering a wide range of farming systems, climatic conditions, and sources of water surface water, groundwater and rainwater harvesting (IWMI, 2007).
Diverse systems of property rights, institutional arrangements, cultural and social contexts exist across and within countriep. WRM is also influenced by many different
In agriculture WRM mainly concerns irrigation to smooth water supply across the production season. But it also involves water management in rainfed agriculture, management of floods, droughts, and drainage, and restoration and conservation of ecosystems and cultural and recreational valuep. The links between agriculture, WRM and water quality are not directly addressed in this chapter, although variations in water quantities and its management in agriculture can affect water quality.2
All OECD countries have policy strategies to address broad water management issues water resources, quality and ecosystems, as discussed in other chapters of this report. With respect to agriculture, OECD countries share a common strategic vision to manage water resources through establishing a long-term plan for the sustainable management of water resources in agriculture, including improving agricultures resilience to climate change and variability impacts, contributing to agricultural incomes and achieving broader rural development goals, protecting ecosystems on agricultural land or affected by farming activities, balancing consumptive water uses across the economy, including for the environment, and improving water resource use efficiency, management and technologies on-farm, including adequate financing to maintain and upgrade the infrastructure supplying water to farmp.
- 2009, 150 Seiten, Englisch
- Herausgegeben: OECD (Ed.)
- Verlag: OECD Paris
- ISBN-10: 9264059490
- ISBN-13: 9789264059498
- Erscheinungsdatum: 01.01.2009
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- Größe: 1.94 MB
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