Science, Society, and the Supermarket (PDF)

Preface. Acknowledgments. 1 NUTRITIONAL GENOMICS: OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES. 1.1 Introduction. 1.2 What is Nutritional Genomics? 1.3 Methodology and Approach of this Book. 1.4 Opportunities and Challenges for Nutrigenomics. 1.4.1 Improved health. 1.4.2 Personalized dietary advice. 1.4.3 Improved diet. 1.4.4 More development of health-enhancing food products. 1.4.5 Consumer empowerment. 1.4.6 Reducing health disparities. 1.4.7 Health care savings. 1.5 Challenges and a Road Map of This Book. References. 2 THE SCIENCE OF NUTRIGENOMICS AND NUTRIGENETICS. 2.1 Introduction. 2.2 The Scientific Context. 2.2.1 Nutrigenomics. 2.2.2 Nutrigenetics. 2.3 The Case of MTHFR. 2.4 Room for Improvement. 2.4.1 Study design. 2.4.2 Epigenetics. 2.4.3 SNPs and haplotypes. 2.4.4 Dietary intake assessment. 2.4.5 Biomarkers. 2.4.6 Susceptibility and predictions. 2.4.7 Analytical and clinical validity. 2.4.8 Clinical utility. 2.5 Science and Technology Assessment. 2.6 Conclusion. References. 3 THE ETHICS OF NUTRIGENOMIC TESTS AND INFORMATION. 3.1 Introduction. 3.2 Ethical Principles. 3.3 Nutrigenomics Testing in the Clinical Setting. 3.3.1 Informed consent. 3.3.2 Confidentiality. 3.3.3 Secondary information. 3.3.4 Families. 3.3.5 Genetic testing of children and adolescents. 3.4 Use of Nutrigenomics Information for Research. 3.5 Use of Nutrigenomics Information by Private Third Parties. 3.5.1 Insurance. 3.5.2 Employment. 3.5.3 Legal and social responses to fears of discrimination. 3.6 Conclusion. References. 4 ALTERNATIVES FOR NUTRIGENOMIC SERVICE DELIVERY. 4.1 Introduction. 4.2 Considerations for Nutrigenomic Service Delivery. 4.2.1 Strength of the science. 4.2.2 Regulatory environment. 4.2.3 Human resource capacity and professional competence. 4.2.4 Funding policy. 4.2.5 Professional politics and culture. 4.2.6 Consumers and patients. 4.3 Four Alternative Models. 4.3.1 Consumer model. 4.3.2 Health practitioner model. 4.3.3 Blended models. 4.3.4 Public health model. 4.4 Conclusion.

David Castle, PhD, is Associate Professor in the Department
of Philosophy at the University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.

Cheryl Cline, PhD, received her doctorate in philosophy
from the University of Toronto in 2005. Her dissertation focused on
animal welfare issues at the intersection of ethics, law, and
politics.

Abdallah S. Daar, MD, DPhil, is Professor of Public
Health Sciences and Professor of Surgery, and Director of Ethics
and Policy at the McLaughlin Centre for Molecular Medicine,
University of Toronto.

Charoula Tsamis is a research assistant at the Joint
Centre for Bioethics, University of Toronto.

Peter A. Singer, MD, is a Professor of Medicine at the
University of Toronto and University Health Network, and a Senior
Scientist at the McLaughlin Centre for Molecular Medicine,
University of Toronto.

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