The Spectrum of Islamist Movements (ePub)
(Sprache: Englisch)
The Al-Ahram Center for Political and Strategic Studies (Cairo) introduces this study series of Islamist movements with a novel and felicitous taxonomy of the Islamist spectrum. Serveral well-known groups, influential works and thinkers are scrutinized in...
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The Al-Ahram Center for Political and Strategic Studies (Cairo) introduces this study series of Islamist movements with a novel and felicitous taxonomy of the Islamist spectrum. Serveral well-known groups, influential works and thinkers are scrutinized in detail and - a rare exception not only for an English-language work - have their practice and worldview cautiously juxtaposed with mainstream orthodox Islamic positions. This book does not only provide data about its subjects, which would make it one of many: more crucially, it gives a rare glimpse into the budding intra-Muslim discourse and reveals a perception of and an approach toward the challenge of Islamist movements that are at variance with those usually put forward for Western audiences.
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B. Sociopolitical movements with an Islamist platform (S. 19-20)This, the second major type of Islamist movement, holds to a different reading of Islam than that adopted by religious movements. First of all, they view their societies as Islamic countries and see the individuals in them as true Muslims who are not lacking faith. Thus, the question of the trueness or authenticity of their Islam is not an issue.
For these movements, the primary issue is restructuring their societies and states on Islamic foundations, which, they believe can only be found in Islamic law, to the exclusion of other legal systems or Western political systems. These movements adopt sociopolitical platforms based on the concept of sharia, or Islamic law, which is in fact not a sacred, religious text, but the human product of the labors of hundreds of Muslim jurists of varying schools of thought and origin spanning fourteen centuries, who have used Quranic text and prophetic tradition to derive legal, social, and political rules for regulating Muslims societies and states.
This second major type of Islamist movement does not limit its interpretation of scripture to the apparent, literal meaning, but takes into account the intent of the law, the general welfare, the context of revelation, and the independent interpretations of jurists. This makes their reading more historically and socially grounded than the literal reading of scripture favored by religious Islamist movements.
In addition, the source of historical authority for these movements does not stop with the prophetic age and the era of the rightly-guided caliphs, but includes all of Islamic history and its fourteen-century legacy, from which they derive their terminology and bases of comparison for lived experience, occasionally making use of other, non-Islamic sources of authority. For these movements, Islam is a civilization, a religion, and a history from which they derive their views on how to
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organize societies and states. As such, their sociopolitical platforms differ from other non-Islamist social movements only in terms of their specific content. Sociopolitical Islamist movements can be divided into two types: peaceful movements seeking political power and armed national liberation movements
1. Peaceful movements seeking political power
These movements openly aspire to political power in order to implement their Islamist sociopolitical platform, whose objective is progress and development in their states and societies. In order to achieve this objective, these movements use all possible peaceful, political means available. They may alter their positions or re-forge alliances with the state or other sociopolitical forces as their interests dictate, which constitutes a profound difference from all types of religious movements, whose sole social component involves the division into believer and unbeliever. The Society of Muslim Brothers in Egypt and other Arab states, the Nahda, or Renaissance Party, in Tunisia, and the Islamic Salvation Front in Algeria are the most prominent examples of this type of movement.
2. Armed national liberation movements
These are sociopolitical Islamist movements led by the circumstances of a foreign occupation to adopt a platform of national liberation in which armed combat holds a primary position. These movements first emerged from among the Muslim Brothers on the eve of the 1948 war in Palestine, followed by the Egyptian national resistance against British occupying forces in the Suez Canal zone starting in 1951. Currently Hamas and the Islamic Jihad in Palestine, as well as Hizbullah in Lebanon, are the most prominent examples of this type of movement. Unlike locally based, religious jihadi movements, these Islamist armed movements do not engage in any internal armed conflict with their political and ideological enemies in their own societies, despite their profound differences on many issues, the target of armed violence is limited to the foreign forces occupying their countries."
1. Peaceful movements seeking political power
These movements openly aspire to political power in order to implement their Islamist sociopolitical platform, whose objective is progress and development in their states and societies. In order to achieve this objective, these movements use all possible peaceful, political means available. They may alter their positions or re-forge alliances with the state or other sociopolitical forces as their interests dictate, which constitutes a profound difference from all types of religious movements, whose sole social component involves the division into believer and unbeliever. The Society of Muslim Brothers in Egypt and other Arab states, the Nahda, or Renaissance Party, in Tunisia, and the Islamic Salvation Front in Algeria are the most prominent examples of this type of movement.
2. Armed national liberation movements
These are sociopolitical Islamist movements led by the circumstances of a foreign occupation to adopt a platform of national liberation in which armed combat holds a primary position. These movements first emerged from among the Muslim Brothers on the eve of the 1948 war in Palestine, followed by the Egyptian national resistance against British occupying forces in the Suez Canal zone starting in 1951. Currently Hamas and the Islamic Jihad in Palestine, as well as Hizbullah in Lebanon, are the most prominent examples of this type of movement. Unlike locally based, religious jihadi movements, these Islamist armed movements do not engage in any internal armed conflict with their political and ideological enemies in their own societies, despite their profound differences on many issues, the target of armed violence is limited to the foreign forces occupying their countries."
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Bibliographische Angaben
- 2010, 1. Auflage, 459 Seiten, Englisch
- Herausgegeben: Al-Ahram Center for Strategic and Political Studies
- Verlag: Verlag Hans Schiler
- ISBN-10: 3899302966
- ISBN-13: 9783899302967
- Erscheinungsdatum: 01.01.2010
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