A Political Ecology of Youth and Crime

Acknowledgements Introduction Beyond Developmental Criminology Resilience and Social Ecology Research Background Outline of the Book PART I: A THEORY OF THE POLITICAL ECOLOGY OF YOUTH AND CRIME Introduction A Political Ecology of Human Development Power and Political Ecology Human Development and Social Identity Conclusion PART II: THE ECOLOGY OF PLACE AND SPACE Introduction Social Disorganisation in Disadvantaged Neighbourhoods The Normalisation of Crime, Risk and Danger in Place and Spaces The Ecology of 'Protection' in High Crime Areas Social Control and Regulation in High Crime Areas 'Feeling Safe' in Risky and Dangerous Places Place, Space and 'Disrupted' Lives Conclusion PART III: BEING CRIMINAL Introduction Pro-social and Anti-social Childhood 'Ordinary Lives' Being Criminal: 'Things' Happen The 'Situating' and Management of Boredom 'Being a kid' and Social Ecology 'In the system' Assessment in Youth Justice Early Interventions for those 'at risk' Conclusion PART IV: THE ECOLOGY AND CULTURE OF PEER GROUPS Introduction Peer Groups as 'Delinquency Training' Peer Groups and Friendships Friends, 'Others' and the Contexts of Peer Relations Hanging Out, Going Out and 'Chilling Out' Peer Back-up on the Streets Peers, Conflict and Empowerment in School Changing Peer Groups Conclusion PART V: EDUCATION AND CRIME Introduction Accounts of Low Achievement and Low Commitment Permanent Exclusion from Mainstream Schools Acquiring Special Educational Needs Young People's Views on PRU's and Special Schools Alternative Provision and Pathways Conclusion PART VI: THE ECOLOGY OF FAMILY RELATIONSHIPS Introduction Family Risk Factors in Developmental Criminology Young People and Families: Routines and Relationships Home Rules Family Roles and Young People's Offending The Impact of Offending and Interventions on Families Family Adversities Young People, Families, Risk and Resilience Conclusion PART VII: THE ECOLOGY OF BEING 'IN CARE' Introduction Being in Care as a 'risk factor' In