Antenna Design for Mobile Devices

Preface xiAcknowledgments xiiiAbout the Author xvAbbreviations xvii1 Introduction 11.1 The Evolution of Mobile Antennas 31.2 How to Quantitatively Evaluate an Antenna 81.3 The Limits of Antenna Designs 111.4 The Trade-Offs in Antenna Designs 131.5 Mobile Communication and Band Allocations 15References 172 Antenna Matching 192.1 The Smith Chart 202.2 Single Band Matching 232.2.1 Matching with Lumped Elements 252.2.2 Different Ways to Accomplish a Single Band Matching 282.2.3 Matching with Both Transmission Line and Lumped Elements 312.2.4 Bandwidth Consideration 352.3 Dual Band Matching 432.4 Reconfigurable Matching 482.4.1 Reconfigurable Matching - Varactor-Based 492.4.2 Reconfigurable Matching - Switch-Based 52References 573 External Antenna 593.1 Stubby Antennas 613.1.1 Single Band Helix Stubby Antenna 613.1.2 Multi-Band Helix Stubby Antenna 813.1.3 Ultra-Wide Band Stubby Antenna 1053.2 Whip-Stubby (Retractable) Antenna 1153.2.1 Decoupled Whip-Stubby Antenna 1173.2.2 Semi-Decoupled Whip-Stubby Antenna 1193.3 Meander Line Stubby Antenna 1253.4 Effect of Ground Plane 129References 1364 Internal Antenna 1394.1 Inverted-F Antenna (IFA) 1414.2 Planar Inverted-F Antenna (PIFA) 1474.2.1 Single Band PIFA 1474.2.2 Multi-Band PIFA Antenna with Slits 1504.2.3 Multi-Band PIFA with Separate Branches 1594.2.4 Multi-Band PIFA with Parasitic Element 1604.2.5 Manufacturing PIFA Antenna 1614.3 Folded Monopole Antenna 1654.4 Loop Antenna 1704.5 Ceramic Antenna 1754.5.1 Monopole-Type Ceramic Antenna 1764.5.2 IFA-Type Ceramic Antenna 1804.5.3 Loop-Type Ceramic Antenna 1814.6 Multi-Port Internal Antenna Module 182References 1875 Antenna Measurement 1895.1 Passive Antenna Measurement 1895.1.1 Measurement on a Vector Network Analyzer 1895.1.2 Fixture 1955.1.3 Passive Chamber Measurement 2075.2 Active Antenna (OTA) Measurement 2155.2.1 EIRP, ERP, and TRP 2165.2.2 EIS and TIS 2205.2.3 Sensitivity Degradation Due to Interference 2235.3 Antenna Measurements in the Production Line

Zhijun Zhang is a Professor of Electronic Engineering at Tsinghua University in Beijing, China. He holds rich industry experience, with senior positions as an antenna development engineer at Amphenol T&M Antennas, Nokia, and Apple, giving him a perspective of design practices at a number different players in the mobile segment. Prior to Tsinghua, his academic career included a postdoctoral fellowship and research professorship at the University of Utah, and a position as Assistant Researcher at the University of Hawaii, where he continues to serve as Adjunct Professor. Zhang earned a B.S. in Microwave Engineering and an M.S. in Applied Physics at the University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu. He holds a PhD in Electronic Engineering from Tsinghua University.