Archaeology in Practice
A Student Guide to Archaeological Analyses
(Sprache: Englisch)
This much-enhanced new edition of the highly accessible guide to practical archaeology is a vital resource for students. It features the latest methodologies, a wealth of case studies from around the world, and contributions from leading specialists in...
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Klappentext zu „Archaeology in Practice “
This much-enhanced new edition of the highly accessible guide to practical archaeology is a vital resource for students. It features the latest methodologies, a wealth of case studies from around the world, and contributions from leading specialists in archaeological materials analysis.* New edition updated to include the latest archaeological methods, an enhanced focus on post-excavation analysis and new material including a dedicated chapter on analyzing human remains
* Covers the full range of current analytic methods, such as analysis of stone tools, human remains and absolute dating
* Features a user-friendly structure organized according to material types such as animal bones, ceramics and stone artifacts, as well as by thematic topics ranging from dating techniques to report writing, and ethical concerns.
* Accessible to archaeology students at all levels, with detailed references and extensive case studies featured throughout
Inhaltsverzeichnis zu „Archaeology in Practice “
Chapter Abstracts xviiPreface and Acknowledgments xxi
Notes on Contributors xxv
List of Tables xxix
List of Figures xxx
1 Collaborating with Stakeholders 1
Larry J. Zimmerman and Kelly M. Branam
Introduction 1
What and Who Is an Archaeological Stakeholder? 2
Collaboration Comes in Many Forms 4
Learning to Work with Stakeholders: A Discipline's Journey 7
Differing Ways of Knowing the Past 11
True or valid? 11
How can there be different versions of the same past? 12
General Thoughts about How to Consult with Stakeholders 13
Building trust takes time 14
Use ethnography 15
Specific Issues and Concerns 15
Differential power levels 15
Competing claims 15
Informed consent 17
When pasts conflict 18
What do you do if things go wrong? 18
Owning the Past 19
Where to from Here? 19
Acknowledgments 20
Further Reading 20
References 21
2 Stratigraphy 26
Jane Balme and Alistair Paterson
Introduction 26
What Is Stratigraphy? 27
Why Do Archaeologists Study Stratification? 27
How Do Different Layers Occur in Archaeological Sites? 27
Principles (or Laws) of Stratigraphy 29
Sources of disturbance 30
Excavation and Stratigraphy 32
Recording Stratifi cation 33
The Harris Matrix: Interpreting the spatial record 34
Creating Analytical Units 37
Case Study 2.1: Sos Höyük 38
Conclusions 44
Acknowledgments 44
Further Reading 44
Excavation 44
Stratigraphy and formation processes 44
References 44
3 Sediments 47
Anthony Barham and Gary Huckleberry
Introduction 47
Why Study Soils and Sediments? 48
Sediments and Soils - Defi ning Concepts and Terms 50
Field
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Description and Sampling 51
Broad principles which should be applied during sediment sampling and description 53
Laboratory Techniques 54
Granulometry 55
pH (acidity/alkalinity) 60
Color 62
Organic matter 63
Phosphorus 65
Case Study 3.1: Prehistoric Canals in the American Southwest 67
Case Study 3.2: Kennewick Man, Washington State, United States 72
Conclusions 76
Further Reading 77
References 77
4 Absolute Dating 85
Simon Holdaway
Introduction 85
Chronometry 86
Radiocarbon 86
Dendrochronology 90
Isotopic methods 91
Radiogenic methods 92
Chemical and biological methods 94
Geomorphic methods 95
Limits on Chronometric Techniques 96
Maximum limits 96
Minimum limits 98
Limits on radiogenic techniques 100
Precision 101
From Age Measurement to Chronology 101
Temporal Resolution and Behavioral Variation 103
Fidelity and resolution 104
Bayesian analysis 105
Time averaging 106
Case Study 4.1: Bone Cave 108
Time perspectivism 110
Conclusion 110
Acknowledgments 111
Further Reading 111
References 111
5 Rock Art 118
Jo McDonald
Introduction 118
What Is Rock Art? 118
How is Rock Art Made? 119
Classification 120
How Is Rock Art Recorded? 122
Photography 123
Drawing and sketching 124
Tracing 124
Broad principles which should be applied during sediment sampling and description 53
Laboratory Techniques 54
Granulometry 55
pH (acidity/alkalinity) 60
Color 62
Organic matter 63
Phosphorus 65
Case Study 3.1: Prehistoric Canals in the American Southwest 67
Case Study 3.2: Kennewick Man, Washington State, United States 72
Conclusions 76
Further Reading 77
References 77
4 Absolute Dating 85
Simon Holdaway
Introduction 85
Chronometry 86
Radiocarbon 86
Dendrochronology 90
Isotopic methods 91
Radiogenic methods 92
Chemical and biological methods 94
Geomorphic methods 95
Limits on Chronometric Techniques 96
Maximum limits 96
Minimum limits 98
Limits on radiogenic techniques 100
Precision 101
From Age Measurement to Chronology 101
Temporal Resolution and Behavioral Variation 103
Fidelity and resolution 104
Bayesian analysis 105
Time averaging 106
Case Study 4.1: Bone Cave 108
Time perspectivism 110
Conclusion 110
Acknowledgments 111
Further Reading 111
References 111
5 Rock Art 118
Jo McDonald
Introduction 118
What Is Rock Art? 118
How is Rock Art Made? 119
Classification 120
How Is Rock Art Recorded? 122
Photography 123
Drawing and sketching 124
Tracing 124
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Autoren-Porträt von Balme, Paterson
Jane Balme is a Professor of Archaeology at the University of Western Australia, where her research specializes in hunter-gatherer archaeology and the human colonization of Australia. Balme co-edited Gendered Archaeology: The Second Australian Women in Archaeology Conference (with Wendy Beck, 1995).Alistair Paterson is a Professor of Archaeology at the University of Western Australia. His research and teaching specialize in culture contact, historical archaeology in maritime and terrestrial contexts, European colonization, ancient rock art, and archaeological and historical methodology. He is the author of A Millennium of Cultural Contact (2011) and The Lost Legions: Culture Contact in Colonial Australia (2008).
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