Carbon Dioxide Emission in Maritime Container Transport and comparison of European deepwater ports: CO2 Calculation Approach, Analysis and CO2 Reduction Measures

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Chapter: 2.4.3 Port competitiveness:
In order to address the second research question it is important to figure out characteristics that make a port competitive. Common competitive factors are geographical location, maritime access, port terminal performance, port charges, terminal capacity, dedicated berths, free trade zone, value added services, ability to handle different cargo types (e.g. general cargo/containers, roll-on/roll-off and bulk cargo) and inland connectivity (Ferrari et al., 2011; Pohnert, 2010; Leggate et al., 2005; Ng, 2009; Notteboom, 2009; Bichou and Gray, 2004). Song and Panayides (2008) argue that nowadays port supply chain integration is major competitive factor. If one transfers the supply chain competition concept from Christopher (2005) to the maritime industry one can state that competition no longer occurs between single ports but rather between maritime supply chains, within which ports are integral parts (Ferrari et al., 2011). Bichou and Gray (2009) differentiated between organisational and intermodalism port supply chain integration. The former means the linkage of nodes and different transport modes, whereas the latter is described as the prior cooperation between organizations in order to achieve intermodalism. Panayides and Song (2009), on the other hand, describe organizational integration as the ability of ports to provide value added services to companies. Notteboom (2008a; 2008b), argues that connection to advanced hinterland networks is a major prerequisite for successful supply chain integration, and that further development of hinterland links is indispensable in order to remain competitive.
2.4.4 Intermodal transport: Intermodal transport or multimodal transport is the movement of goods in a loading unit, such as ISO container or trailer, by at least two different transport modes (Branch, 2007; Rowbotham, 2008; Bauer et al., 2010; Winebrake et al. 2008). According to Venus Lun et al. (2009) in containerized

Konstantin Veidenheimer, (MSc), was born in 1983 in Kazakhstan. He graduated his Master of Science study in Logistics and Supply Chain Management with distinction in 2011 in Edinburgh (UK). The Author received an award for Logistics Masters Dissertation of the Year 2012 by CILT UK (Chartered Institute of Logistics and Transport). Green Logistics and carbon auditing was one major research area during his study. Besides theoretical knowledge the author has also professional Know-How in maritime transport sector. This knowledge could successfully be transferred into this book.